Technology and Science

Presented By:
Amy Cheema
Samar Aziz
Sana Aziz
Arzoo Salami
Fauwaz S. Hussein
Patrick Martin
What Is Technology?

 Definition
 The technical means people use
to improve their surroundings.
 Technology is people using
knowledge, tools, and systems
to make their lives easier.
 Benefits of Technology
Science and Technology

 Science vs. Technology

 Is technology an “applied
science”?
 Theories of Science
 Theories of Technology
Technology throughout History

 The Stone Age

 The Bronze Age
 The Iron Age
 The Industrial Revolution
 The 20th Century
Technological Systems

 Definition – This word is

interchangeable with “system”
 Three parts:
 Inputs
 Processes

 Outputs

 Feedback
Inputs – The Resources Used
by the System
 There are six major inputs used
by a technological system:
 People
 Natural Resources (materials)

 Capital (tools and machines)

 Finance (money)

 Knowledge (information)

 Energy
Processes – The actions
taken to use Inputs
 Two major types of processes:
 Production Processes
 Management Processes

 These two processes are united.

They work together to get
desired outputs.
Outputs – The result of the
System
 Two types of outputs
 System output
 Ex. Manufactured product,
constructed work, communicated
message.
 Other output
 Ex. Scrap and waste, pollution
Goals of Technology

 Two Primary goals for any

business to be successful:
 To meet human needs
 Profit
Types of Technological
Systems
 Manufacturing Systems
 Construction Systems
 Communication Systems
 Transportation Systems
The Design Process
The Problem

1. May have to invent a solution to

a problem

2. May have to change an existing

design
Investigation
 FUNCTION: Must solve the problem
described in the design brief. “What exactly
is the use of the article?”
 APPEARANCE: Shape, color, and texture
should make the object attractive.
 MATERIALS: Availability? Cost? Physical
Properties (strength, rigidity, color,
durability)
 CONSTRUCTION: Hard to make?
 SAFETY: The object must be safe, should
not cause accidents
Developing Alternative
Solutions
 Write or draw every idea on
paper as it comes to you

 The more ideas you have, the

more likely you are to end up
with a good solution
Choosing a Solution

 Your own skills

 The materials available

 Time needed to build each

solution

 Cost of each solution

Detailed Drawing

 Overall dimensions
 Detailed dimensions
 Material to be used
 How it will be made
 What finish it will require
Models and Prototypes

 Model is a full-size or small-

scale simulation of an object

 Prototype is the first working

version of the designer’s
solution
Testing and Evaluating

 Does it work?

 Does it meet the design brief?

 Will modifications improve the

solution?
Manufacturing

 How many to make?

 Medical equipment produced in

hundreds, nuts and bolts
produced in millions
What is Technology?
What Counts as Technology?

 Objects
 Knowledge

 Activities

 A Process

 Sociotechnical System
Technology is Related to
Science

 Purpose of technology:
change in the material
environment
 Purpose of science:
understanding of nature.
Technology Involves Design

 Design is the center of

technology
 Design process: begins
with perception of a need,
continues with formulation
of a specification, and
ends with an evaluation of
the solution.
Technology Involves Making

 Motivating factor: desire to fulfill a

need.
 All designs should be made or
realized.
 If the need is to be fulfilled, the
design is to be evaluated, and
the design activity is to have
been purposeful and worthwhile.
Technology is Multi-Dimensional

 Technology is performing a
multitude of functions
 Examples: working with
others, operating within
budgets, persuading decision
makers, communicating to
clients and working to
deadlines.
Technology is concerned with
Values

 Value decisions may be

called for not only in relation
to the specific design criteria,
but also in relation to the
rightness or wrongness of a
particular solution in ethical
terms.
Technology is Socially Shaped

 Determined by social interests.

 Technology is shaped by society,
by consumer choice.
 Technology can shape society.
For example, the technology of
the motor car has shaped our
environment and our whole way
of life.
Technology and Science,
go way back…
The word science is derived from the Latin word
scientia, which simply means knowledge, and the
German word wisenschaft, which means
systematic, organized knowledge. (Why?)

The word technology is derived from the Greek words,

techne and logos, which means art or craft. (How?)

Science has a relatively recent history – perhaps four

centuries, whereas technology has a much longer
history, a history as long as humanity.
How Technology and Science
are related…

Technology Science
Goal: the creation of artifacts and systems to Goal: the pursuit of knowledge and
meet people's needs understanding for its own sake

Design, invention, production Discovery (controlled by experimentation)

Analysis and synthesis of design Analysis, generalization and creation of

theories

The search for and theorizing about new The search for and theorizing about cause
processes (e.g. control; information) (e.g. gravity; electromagnetism)

Taking good decisions based on incomplete Drawing correct conclusions based on good
data and approximate models theories and accurate data

Design, construction, testing, planning, Experimental and logical skills

quality assurance, problem solving,
decision making, interpersonal and
communication skills
Relationship between science and
technology

Applied
Technology Science
science
Applications related to science
and technology
Electronic devices: Invention of radio
- Science: sound, wave, and optics
- Technology: assembly of speaker,
electric circuits, and antenna.
Health Services: From use of remedies to
proper medications
- Science: Physiology of human body
- Technology: combination of various
salts.