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Angle Modulation
(Chapter 4 – Text Book)
Lecture 12
AvE-2

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 Message of the day

Being honest may not get you many friends

But it will always get you the right ones

8 April 2019 Engr Irfan Majid 3

 Lecture Objectives

 Learn how to generate an FM signal

 Understand FM Demodulator

Text book topics: 4.7, 4.8

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 FM Generation

Generation of NBFM

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 FM Generation

Generation of NBFM

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 FM Generation

Generation of NBFM

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 FM Generation
Generation of WBFM

Direct Method

This method is called as the Direct Method because we are generating a wide band FM
wave directly. In this method, Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is used to generate
WBFM. VCO produces an output signal, whose frequency is proportional to the input signal
voltage. This is similar to the definition of FM wave. The block diagram of the generation
of WBFM wave is shown in the following figure.

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 FM Generation

Generation of WBFM

Direct Method

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 FM Generation

Generation of WBFM

Indirect Method

This method is called as Indirect Method (also called Armstrong

Method) because we are generating a wide band FM wave
indirectly. This means, first we will generate NBFM wave and
then with the help of frequency multipliers we will get WBFM
wave. The block diagram of generation of WBFM wave is shown
in the following figure.
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 FM Generation
Generation of WBFM

Indirect Method

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 FM Generation
Generation of WBFM

Indirect Method

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 FM Demodulators
Frequency Discrimination Method

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 FM Demodulators
Frequency Discrimination Method

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

Phase Locked Loop

The key to the operation of a phase locked loop, PLL, is the phase
difference between two signals, and the ability to detect it. The
information about the error in phase or the phase difference
between the two signals is then used to control the frequency of the
loop.

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

PLL realization using XOR gate as phase detector

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

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 FM Demodulators
Phase Discrimination Method

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