1

INTRODUCTION

1 2 3 4 5

Some countries threatened by climate
change
Major portion of excreta is deposited into Result: a large number of people suffer pit latrines need for huge quantity of water Therefore, there is a dire need of holistic
sanitation-related and water-borne disease for flashing and cleaning approach to call for hygienic, eco-friendly
water bodies and open place
and sustainable technology, hence the option
of Bio toilet.
 2
PROBLEMS

1 How the basic principle of wastewater

treatment using bio toilet?

How the analysis of technical and non technical

2
aspects of bio toilets application?

3 How the application of bio toilets in Indonesia?

What the advantages and disadvantages of the use of

4
bio toilet technologiy?
 GOALS 3

1 2 3 4 5 6

Determine non-
Determine Determine the Determine the Determine the technical aspects Determine the
the principle bio-toilet work methodology for technical aspects consisting of social, application of bio-
of bio-toilet system designing bio- for designing bio- financial, economic, toilet
toilets toliets institutional and infrastructure in
institutional aspects Indonesia
that support the
sustainability of the
bio-toilet
infrastructure
 Flow of Methodology 4

01

Initial 02

study
Design of 03

components
04
Collection of
material
Assembly of 05

components
Analysis &
testing of
result
 Steps in Methodology 5

01 Study and analysis of

bio-toilet system
02 Inventing new systems 03 Design of new system
that overcome the
drawbacks of early
systems
Collection of material
04 which are required for 05 Analysis and testing of 06 Conclusion of new
manufacturing new new invented system invented system
system
 6
ADVANTAGES OF BIO TOILET
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facilisis. Sed sed sapien lacus. Mauris ut fermentum nisi, a porta elit.

Can be
Save the use of Does’nt spread combined into a Decomposed
clean water smell kitchen waste waste can be
processing tool used as organic
fertilizer
 7
ADVANTAGES OF BIO TOILET

Construction of Can be built Can prevent

independently environmental
buildings is without requiring
quite simple pollution
special
requirements
 8
DISADVANTAGES OF
BIO TOILET
 9
NORMAL TOILET

BIO TOILET
BIO TOILET
10

Definition

Bio-toilet is based on the ecological sanitation. It is a

new holistic approach to reduce health risk related to
sanitation and water pollution due to human wastes.

Bio-toilet is a dry toilet where human excreta is trapped

in alignocelluloses
, soil matrix such as wood sawdust,
then it is decomposed by aerobic bacteria to organic
compost rich in minerals such as N, P, and K. resulting
carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water (H2 O). The water is
evaporated by the chemical heat that would be
released in the decomposing process of organic
materials. Meanwhile, mineralized products of
organic wastes
 BASIC 11

PRINCIPLE OF Wastewater (black water ) treatment is done by

BIOTOILET the use of natural microorganism for degrading
cellulose
COMPONENT OF BIO TOILET

Mixer WC hole Sawdust

Air
Aeration Sawdust Heater (optional)

Hole

Reactor
Ventilator Chamber
 HOW IT WORKS ? 13

Waste from the toilet hole, solid or liquid, goes

1 directly to the media (wood powder / other cellulose
material) which functions as a waste capture.

Waste is then treated biologically quickly and

2 without causing odor

The treatment process is carried out by

3 stirring with a driving motor or stirring
manually.

Regular wood powder must be checked

4 to make sure the sawdust is not too dry
or too wet by using a heating system.
 14

The processing results are routinely taken

5 based on the frequency of using wood powder.

The processing tank is emptied and then refilled

6 with new wood powder for further processing.

The processing results can be directly used as

7 organic fertilizer.

8 The sewer on the toilet is not needed.

The use of water is only to clean the toilet hole

9 and the body of the wearer from the dirt
 Environmental Impact 15

Composting toilets use little to no water and facilitate the recycling of

waste into the environment as fertilizer. Furthermore, by recycling
your household’s waste into compost, you promote more fertilize
soil and have the opportunity to produce more food independently.
Composting regenerates poor soil by increasing the production of micro-
organisms, helping the soil to retain moisture, reducing pests and plant
diseases, increasing agricultural productivity and eliminating the need for
chemical fertilizers and pesticides. By binding heavy metals, eliminating
wood preservatives, pesticides and hydrocarbons in contaminated soils,
composting prevents pollutants from being absorbed by plants or water
sources. By reducing the organic materials in landfills, you help minimize
the production of methane and leachate formulation. You will also reap
the economic benefits of a reduced need for water, fertilizers and
 16
Social Aspect

In some countries The majority of villagers

preferred water based latrines and refuse
contact with faeces. Training and education is
needed.
 17

ECONOMY-FINANCIAL ASPECT

Cost of Modified
Cost of Biotoilet Biotoilet Cost of Fertilizer

$15
Rp 40,000,000 $100-200
for a 50 kg bag

where almost 70% of the

This bio toilet could serve 40 population in Bangladesh
which is equivalent to concrete made slab-ring associated
people in a day single and twin pit latrines lives on less than 2 dollar per
day
 INSTITUTIONS 18

develop informal teamwork and

institutions come from the synergy 01 communication
of government, community, private
institutions, academics and
sanitation entrepreneurs. 02
synergy of government, culture and religion

05 take advantage of educational institutions for

financial accountability and transparency in
triggering
03 communal institutions

06 encourage good entrepreneurial roles

maximize the role of the facilitator

04
good leadership
07
 Organizational
19

Structure

Community self-help groups

(KSM) are formed through
community consultations,
with the form and
composition of the
management in accordance
with community meetings
 Organizational Structure 20

LEADERSHIP Secretary Treasures Planning Team

• • Coordinate planning for
development activities
• • Lead the implementation of
committee duties and
meetings
• Prepare a plan of needs and carry
out administrative activities and
documentation
• Carrying out correspondence
• Carry out reporting on development
activities in stages
• • Receive and save money
• • Managing financial
administration and bookkeeping
realization and financial
accountability reports
• Evaluate and determine the
choice of sanitation technology
to be built, according to choices,
community capabilities and
environmental conditions
• Socialize the choice of
sanitation technology to the
community

Implementation
Team
• Responsible for material
security during construction
• Make reports on material
conditions
• Assist in public health
counseling
• Monitor environmental
sanitation efforts
Organizational Structure
Supervisory
Team
• Responsible for
administrative, technical and
financial supervision
• Facilitated by TFL
responsible / assessing the
quality and progress of
physical work
21
Operation and
Maintanance Section
• Operate and maintain
sanitation facilities that have
been built
• Responsible for technical
matters
 APPLICATION BIO TOILET IN INDONESIA 22

The study was conducted in a private school of Daarut Tauhid in Bandung West Java. A bio-toilet S-50
type of Japan was constructed consisting of a composting chamber, mixer, heater, exhaust fan, and
closet.

This toilet is designed enough to defecate 25 times with 300 milliliters of flushing water once
defecating.
 Construction of Biotoilet at Pesantren Daarut Tauhid, Bandung 23

BT Building ( bamboos) Reactor Room Inside the

Building

Water Meter Reactor filled

Closet with coco dust
Flow
 Impression after using BT 24

Only 59% of respondents could use BT during their stay in school. Existed BT was only one
room. They have to share of using WC or bathrooms

To promote BT in society or school, students can still use water to clean up their body by using
water spray. Sprayed water can be used only in the outer area of BT-bowl.

It showed that only 40% of the students who used BT using it often, 60% were only seldom
using BT. It could be seen that even only one room, the students wanted much to use it.

The use of toilet paper was unacceptable for the students.94% of the students did not want to
use toilet paper, because they feel still unclean (67%). 7% said that toilet paper can be
used only in emergency, when there’s no water. About 27%were doubtfull or uncommon to use
toilet paper.

As normal, 56% of the students defecated 1 time daily, 38 % defecated 2 times daily
 Technical Impression of the students
on using BT
Only 9% said the BT was dirty, 91% said “It was clean to enough”
It showed that only 40% of the students who used BT using it often, 60% were
only seldom using BT. It could be seen that even only one room, the students
wanted much to use it.
A good ventilation system made the BT room comfortable for the users. This kind of full ventilated
room is wanted/desirable by the users.
25
By asking respondents for the comfort of BT in compare with normal existed
toilet, 31% said BT better then the existed toilet, and only 16% said in contrary.
About 50% of respondent said both model was accepted.
After using the BT, 95% respondents agreed to use BT
80% of students said that the construction of BT was good to enough/medium. But
32% of students said that the room was small. Only 19% said the space in the BT
room was quite fit, and 48% said that it was not too bad. For the space, actually all the
respondents wanted a BT room bigger then 3x3 m2. It seems that they compared
directly with the existing bathroom in school.
 26

Conclusions
Advantages of bio toilet Institutions
Save the use of clean water, doesn’t institutions come from the synergy of government,
community, private institutions, academics and
spread smell, decomposed waste can be
sanitation entrepreneurs
usead as organic fertilizier

Cost of bio toilet

Disadvantages of bio toilet
Rp 40,000,000
Not necessarily aesthecticaly pleasing

Definition Application in Indonesia

Bio-toilet is based on the ecological in a private school of Daarut Tauhid in

sanitation. It is a new holistic approach to
reduce health risk related to sanitation and
water pollution due to human wastes.
Bandung West Java. A bio-toilet S-50 type
of Japan was constructed consisting of a
composting chamber, mixer, heater,
exhaust fan, and closet.

Social Aspect

training and education is needed.