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K. Gopalakrishnan
MS Engg. Student
CPMU
Adsorption vs Absorption
Adsorption is the
adhesion of atoms, ions or
molecules of gas, liquid, or
dissolved solids to a
surface.
θ is the fractional
coverage of the
surface,
P is the gas
pressure or
concentration,
α is a constant.
S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett and E. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 309.
Basic assumptions
1. the same assumptions as that of Langmuir but allow multi-layer
adsorption
2. the heat of ads. of additional layer equals to the latent heat of
condensation
3. based on the rate of adsorption=the rate of desorption for each
layer of ads. the following BET equation was derived
P / P0 1 c −1
= + ( P / P0 )
V ( 1 − P / P0 ) cVm cVm
• Gases Temperatures
– Nitrogen – Liquid Nitrogen
– Argon – Liquid Argon
– Krypton – Dry ice/acetone
– Carbon dioxide – Water/ice
– Others – Others
Sorption isotherm measurement –volumetric methods
“Dead-space”
Physical volume
that the gas occupies
in the sample cell.
Dead space
Vtube-Vsample
Particle size Determination using
BET surface area analysis
D=6000/(SBET X ρ)
– Type I is found for porous materials with small pores e.g. charcoal.
It is clearly Langmuir monolayer type, but the other 4 are
II not
amount adsorbed