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Solid rocket motor
Igniter
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Solid Rocket motor
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Solid Rocket Motor Components
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Thermal Insulation
• Design involves:
– Analysis of combustion chamber environment
• Stagnation temperature
• Stagnation pressure
• Propellant gases (material compatibility)
– Selection of insulation material
– Material thickness determination for various areas
of the motor case
– For the cylindrical part of the case, the walls are
only exposed to hot combustion gases at the end
of the burn
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Ignition System
• Large solid motors typically use a three-stage ignition
system
– Initiator: Pyrotechnic element that converts electrical
impulse into a chemical reaction (primer)
– Booster charge
– Main charge: A charge (usually a small solid motor)
that ignites the propellant grain. Burns for tenths of
a second with a mass flow about 1/10 of the initial
propellant grain mass flow.
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Solid propellant geometry
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Combustion
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•The PEM model recognizes that most
composite propellants contain a wide
dispersal of oxidizer particle sizes.
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Ignition temperature
The minimum temperature at which a substance
catches fire and burns is called its ignition temperature.
m Ab r p
Combustion of solid propellants
m Ab r p m
pc At
c*
r ap n
c
1
Ab a p c * 1 n
pc
At
n must be < 1, preferably 0.5 or lower
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Combustion of solid propellants
• r is altered by the initial temperature. A warm
propellant burn faster
T2 > T1
T2
pressure
T1
time
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Nozzle
• The design of the nozzle follows similar steps as
for other thermodynamic rockets
– Throat area determined by desired
stagnation pressure and thrust level
– Expansion ratio determined by ambient
pressure or pressure range to allow
maximum efficiency
• Major difference for solid propellant nozzles is
the technique used for cooling
– Ablation
– Fiber reinforced material used in and near
the nozzle throat (carbon, graphite, silica,
phenolic)
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Ablation
• Meteorite
– Re-entry speed of 10 - 20 km/sec
– Extreme heating in the atmosphere
– Ablation and internal energy modes cooled
the meteorite through its fall
• Ablation gas cloud
• Dissociation
• Internal energy deposition
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