Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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against children
Research to Policy and Practice Process
Systematic Literature Review of the Drivers of
Violence against Children
a deep sense of
appreciation and resilience; courage and
gratitude; act of determination in the
solidarity with the other face of all the odds
Utang na Loob
• Honor and respect • Facing challenges,
(self and family) sacrificing and
• A good and bearing hardships
honorable person for significant
by showing others
gratitude
Hiya Bahala na
Kapwa
“Other” or “Fellow-being”
Reflects the pervasive orientation and
commitment of the Filipino to the other
In the context of VAC
Utang na Loob
• Will not disclose • Fatalism
abuse • Expecting • Will suffer and
absolute bear the abuse
obedience to quietly
parents
Hiya Bahala na
• Single-parent homes
• Increasing early pregnancies
• Increasing rates of HIV
Trends • The increasing numbers of
women in the labor force and
Family structure reliance on their income
in the • Migration orphans
Philippines is • Migrant fathers = nuclear family
changing • Migrant mothers = dependency on
extended family, eldest daughter
takes on more responsibility,
fathers not seen as taking on
“caring” work
• Filipino parents rated authoritarian
attitudes higher relative to all other
9-countries in a longitudinal study
on parenting
Trends • 74% reported using corporal
punishment
Parental authority
and child
• Mothers are more likely to hold
progressive attitudes such as
obedience in independence and encouragement
traditional and to express themselves
modern values
• Mothers and fathers do not differ in
their authoritarian attitudes
Trends
Online Life Natural Disasters
• Children are vulnerable to: PNP-WCCPC
• Online abuse
Reported crimes against children
before and after Haiyan
• live streaming of abuse
• child sexual abuse Region 2012 2013 2014
material VI 2396 3934 5827
• Cyberbullying VII 1463 1849 2551
• Sexting VIII 262 362 1201
Drivers of violence
in the home setting
Risk factors
• Risky online behavior • Internet cafes and Piso-net
• Family/Interpersonal factors • Good command of technology
• Lack of parental supervision • English proficiency
• Parental/family involvement • Cultural beliefs and values
• Problematic families (e.g., colonial mentality,
family centeredness)
• Separated parents
• Peer influence
• Poverty and unemployment
• High demand for WCST
(webcam child sex tourism)
Drivers of violence
in the community
• Unaccompanied and separated
VIOLENCE AND • Vulnerable before emergency
EXPLOITATION OF • Survivors of sexual violence
CHILDREN WITHIN
EMERGENCY AND
• Displaced
NATURAL • Out of school
DISASTERS • At risk of or already recruited
by armed forces or armed
group
PNP-WCCPC Report on Crimes against Children Cases from 2012 -
2014 Regions VI, VII, and VIII
2000
18601834
1800
1600
1400
1200
1092
1000
800
600
580
453
400 315
200
39 28 50 4 1 7 9 27 22
0
120
100
100 88
80
60 48 46
40
18
20
Questions?