PROJECT MEMBERS UNDER THE

GUIDANCE OF
C. Bhanu Prasad(711510)
Mr. Dharavatha Raja
Calvin Jos(711509)
S.Hanuma Simha Reddy(711539)
Keerthi Reddy(711522)
 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are aircrafts which are
controlled remotely via direct radio frequency communication or are
equipped with autonomous devices to performed autonomous
mission flights. The active development in the field of UAV in recent
years has led to its increase in versatility in terms of its functionality
and range of application. Early UAVs development is generally
divided into two separate types, Fixed Wing UAV (FWUAV) ,and
rotorcraft UAV (RUAV) . FWUAVs typically have longer
endurance and thus can reach further than RUAV in a single flight,
but require runways for take-offs and landings. RUAVs on the other
hand, are more manoeuvrable and able to take-off and land vertically
without any runway but have much lesser endurance due to their low
efficiency in power consumption and low speed.
 This study proposed the implementation of hybrid Tri-tilt rotor
VTOL UAV which has the maneuvering advantage of a multi-rotor
UAV while having the ability to travel fast to reach a further
distance. The design methodology analysis and fabrication methods
are discussed extensively which would be followed by a number of
flight tests to prove the concept. The proposed UAV would be
equipped with three tilt-rotor motors helping in controlling the
mode and movement of the UAV.
 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

 An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an

aircraft without a human pilot aboard.

 UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS)

 Unmanned aircraft system (UAS)

 UAV,
 a ground-based controller,
 a system of communications between the two.

 Mode of control
 remote control by a human operator or
 autonomously by onboard computers.
 Currently, the most commonly studied UAVs are helicopters, quad
rotors and fixed-wing airplanes.
 Usually, rotorcrafts have the advantage over airplanes for performing
Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL).
 On the other hand, airplanes are able to fly at higher speeds than
rotorcrafts.
 In order to combine the advantages of these kind of aircrafts, present
research on UAVs is looking into the direction of the Tilt-rotor UAV,
a hybrid copter-plane aircraft.
 Tilt rotors are a type of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft that
convert from vertical to horizontal flight through rotating propellers
or ducted fans.
 It combines the vertical lift capability of a helicopter with the speed
and range of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft.
 HOVERING TRANSITION FULL FLIGHT
For vertical flight, As the aircraft Eventually the
the rotors are angled gains speed, the rotors become
so the plane of rotors are vertical and attain
rotation is horizontal, progressively tilted flight mode.
lifting the way a forward.
helicopter rotor does.
  P. Sanjeevikumar Aalborg University
 Advances in Aircraft and Spacecraft Science, Vol. 4, No. 1 (2017) 65-80

 This paper represents a better design to enlarge the use of fixed wing
aircrafts. The document is based on live and simulated experiments.
 Three missions are chosen to test the designed aircraft. The first
experiment relies on measuring speed and take-off capability of aircraft.
 Therefore, the aircraft has to take off in 60ft (18.28 m) under three seconds
and it has to fly as fast as possible. Therefore, flight course is prescribed to
test these features.
 This study achieved the designed aircraft to take off vertically in under two
seconds without payload.
 This paper concentrates on shorter take off and landing systems thus
reducing the need of a proper runaway.
  Mochammad Ariyanto, Joga D. Setiawan
 MATEC Web of Conferences 159, 02045 (2018)

 Design of a low cost of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using

low-cost material that able to fly autonomously.
 Six parameters of UAV’s structure are optimized based on basic airframe
configuration, wing configuration, straight wing, tail configuration,
fuselage material, and propeller location.
 The resulted and manufactured prototype of fixed-wing UAV was tested in
autonomous fight tests.
 Based on the flight test, the developed UAV can successfully fly
autonomously following trajectory command. The result shows that low-
cost material can be used as a body part of fixed-wing UAV.
  Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy
 MATEC Web of Conferences 152, 02023 (2018)

 The primary aim of this project is to determine the potential performance of a

small VTOL UAV. First, the VTOL UAV is to be designed and fabricated using
scientific methodologies.
 This study reviews previous attempts at developing a VTOL UAVs as well as
current projects and combine suitable concepts into a better efficient prototype
of a VTOL UAV.
 The proposed aircraft motor configuration consist of four motors for its
vertical propulsion, a single motor for the horizontal propulsion and
servo motors on the control surface for horizontal flight manoeuvring.
 This study encountered some challenges where the fabrication of the prototype
cannot be completed within the specified time due to delay in receiving new
part (motors) due to defect and also sourcing the right material for the wing.
  Gundlach, John Frederick
 Doctorate of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering (Thesis Study)

 The UAV design synthesis is performed with the aid of an integrated

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) code. The MDO code consists of
an UAV design code and a Genetic Algorithm optimizer. The UAV design code
includes geometry, weights, propulsion, aerodynamics, performance,
structures, systems analysis and other elements.
 The aerodynamics, structures/weights, and graphical generators all require
specialized geometry evaluations. A parametric geometry model is employed to
facilitate the optimization process.
 The propulsion code evaluates the performance of turbofans, turboprops, and
piston props. Each engine type has specialized analysis methods.
 The performance code is designed to evaluate the fuel burn of the UAV as it flies
the mission profile and to evaluate associated constraints.
  Martin Simon
 MASTER THESIS 2018 (Tallinn University of Technology)

 Martin Simon discussed Theory of aircraft aerodynamics •

Aerodynamic simulation methods • Propulsion and power system •
Multi-Objective Optimization Methods.
 UAV is designed based on the preliminary assumptions are made to the
shape, structure, weight and propulsion system of the aircraft.
 Aerodynamic optimization is done by Bayesian Multi-Optimization
optimizers.
 Analysis is done by aerodynamic simulation methods like CFD and
Vortex Lattice Method.
 A systematic approach to UAV design is essential, since Size, Weight,
and Power (SWaP) of all components comprising the aircraft have
significant impacts on the overall sizing.

 The size refers to the component volume.

 Weight considers both component weights and installation weights.
 Power contains both power consumed by the component and the cooling
power that must be dissipated.
 These considerations must be addressed for every component on the
aircraft whether it falls under structures, avionics, subsystems, propulsion,
payload, or fuel categories.

 Performance requirements for future UAV systems that leverage

technology advancements should be further explored. These
requirements could be applied to the UAV design methodology to
assess the potential solution space more realistically.
 A tailed aircraft has the horizontal stabilizer to counteract the moment
caused by the CG . It is a self-regulating system, with which an increase of
α would cause less downwards aerodynamic force from the tail and thus
the moment stabilizes
 The second stability issue affecting tailless aircraft is a dynamic instability
effect called dutch roll, which can occur due to yaw or roll deviations and
take long to dampen.
 On conventional aircraft this oscillatory instability is tackled with a
response from the rudder.
 Flying wings can reduce the effect by preventing the lift force from
increasing/decreasing by adding wing fences and winglets that prevent the
air from span-wise sweeping over the wing. Having winglets underneath
the drone has three positive side effects: decreased drag, increase of roll
and the pitching moment stability.
 The development of VTOL is very important as it has
many usage such as in the field of safe and rescue,
military application and even some commercial
applications.
 The main factor in its development is the aerodynamic
efficiency of these UAVs.
 The problem considered is to increase the efficiency of
tilt rotor aircrafts by aerodynamically optimising its
design.
 Individual design, analysis and selection of each of the
different components of the UAV according to their
analysis reports.

 Airfoil selection
 Fuselage design
 Tail selection
 Motor placements
 Tilt Rotor Mechanism
 Internal structure of UAV
 Study of modelling software(CREO 3.0)
 Deep analysis regarding each of the UAV parts and
study of previous analysis was done.
 Study of different papers published in recognised
journals.
 Upon initial analysis regarding the design of the UAV a
model UAV was prepared using CREO 3.0.
 Components designed in the model UAV
 Airfoil
 Fuselage
 Tail design
 The wing may be considered as the most important
component of an aircraft, since a fixed-wing aircraft is
not able to fly without it.
 Airfoil selection
The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew,
passengers, and cargo.

OBJECTIVES
•To increase load carrying capability.
•Good aerodynamic performance.
 Analysis of different components designed in Creo.
 Validation of the initial results.
 Comparison of the results to obtain optimum UAV
design.
 Aerodynamic analysis of the designed UAV.
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310800748_Design_optimization_of
_a_fixed_wing_aircraft
 ( )

 https://www.matec-
conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2018/18/matecconf_ijcaet-
isampe2018_02045.pdf
 ( )

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323396673_Design_and_Fabricatio
n_of_Small_Vertical-Take-Off-Landing_Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle

 https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/26482/Dissertation3a.p
df?sequence=1

 https://digi.lib.ttu.ee/i/file.php?DLID=9489&t=1