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Distributions
f(x)
area=1
a b x
2) The total area under the curve between a and b is 1.0
f(x)
a b x
2,000 5,000 x
Find the probability that daily sales will fall between 2,500
and 3,000 gallons.
Algebraically: what is P(2,500 ≤ X ≤ 3,000) ?
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.6
Example 8.1(a)…
P(2,500 ≤ X ≤ 3,000) = (3,000 – 2,500) x = .1667
f(x)
2,000 5,000 x
2,000 5,000 x
f(x)
2,000 5,000 x
2,000 5,000 x
f(x)
2,000 5,000 x
“The probability that the gas station will sell exactly 2,500
gallons is zero”
0
What is the probability that a computer is assembled in a
time between 45 and 60 minutes?
to
so
“Just over half the time, 53% or so, a computer will have
an assembly time between 45 minutes and 1 hour”
0 1.6
P(Z > 1.6) = .5 – P(0 < Z < 1.6)
= .5 – .4452
= .0548
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.27
Using the Normal Table (Table 3)…
What is P(Z < -2.23) ?
P(0 < Z < 2.23)
-2.23 0 2.23
P(Z < -2.23) = P(Z > 2.23)
= .5 – P(0 < Z < 2.23)
= .0129
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.28
Using the Normal Table (Table 3)…
What is P(Z < 1.52) ?
0 1.52
P(Z < 1.52) = .5 + P(0 < Z < 1.52)
= .5 + .4357
= .9357
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.29
Using the Normal Table (Table 3)…
What is P(0.9 < Z < 1.9) ?
P(0 < Z < 0.9)
0 0.9 1.9
P(0.9 < Z < 1.9) = P(0 < Z < 1.9) – P(0 < Z < 0.9)
=.4713 – .3159
= .1554
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.30
Example 8.2
The return on investment is normally distributed with a
mean of 10% and a standard deviation of 5%. What is the
probability of losing money?
X 0 10
P(X 0) P
5
P( Z 2)
.5 P(0 Z 2)
.5 .4772
.0228
X 0 10
P(X 0) P
10
P( Z 1)
.5 P(0 Z 1)
.5 .3413
.1587
Similarly
P(-1.645 < Z < 1.645) = .90
(E.g. exponential
distributions for
= .5, 1, 2)
P(10<X<15)
P(10<X<15)
Student t Distribution,
Chi-Squared Distribution, and
F Distribution.
Figure 8.24
t.05,10
t.05,10=1.812
Figure 8.27
Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8.48
Chi-Squared Distribution…
Notes:
The chi-squared distribution is not symmetrical
The square, i.e. , forces non-negative values (e.g. finding
P( < 0) is illogical).
=2.73 =15.51
and