DASAR ILMU TANAH REAKSI KEMASAMAN TANAH DAN PH

pH -TANAH
&
REAKSI TANAH
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Reaksi Tanah
1. Soil reaction is the degree of acidity or
alkalinity of a soil, usually expressed as a pH
value.
2. Soil pH = -log [H+]
3. Soil pH is an indicator of physical, chemical
and biological properties in soil.
4. Soil pH is also related to the cations present
on the exchange complex.
Nilai pH beberapa material
• Milk of magnesia: ~10.5

• Bicarbonate of soda: ~8.3
• Pure water: 7.0
• Milk: ~6.8
• Natural rain: 5 to 6
• Beer/coffee: ~4
• Lemon Juice: ~2
Deskripsi untuk kisaran pH tanah
Tanah mempunyai ciri yang khas
Dark Gray Orthic Humo-Ferric Orthic Black

Luvisol Podzol Chernozem
Credit: Pedosphere.com
pH Tanah vs. Komposisi Kation
1. Total cation exchange capacity (TCEC) is a
function of quantity of clays, organic matter
and iron and aluminum oxides.
2. Tipe Liat ternyata sangat penting

pengaruhnya.
pH Tanah vs. Komposisi Kation
1. Base cations (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) concentration

decreases as soil becomes more acidic (pH
decreases)
2. Kejenuhan basa berkaitan erat dengan pH

tanah
Persen Kejenuhan Basa (KB)
 Basic cations: Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+
 Acidic cations: Al+++, H+
 Percent base saturation: A measure of

the proportion of basic cations
occupying the exchange sites of a soil
Formula
• Cation exchange capacity is the sum of
all cations on the exchange complex
• % Base
saturation =  (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) x 100
Cation Exchange Capacity
Impact of soil pH on net charge of noncrystalline aluminum
oxide. At low pH, H ions become bound to Al and Fe oxides
Credit: Pedosphere.com
pH Tanah vs. Kation pada Kompleks Pertukaran
(Brady and Weil, 1996)
Pelarutan Al(OH)3 Amorf
• Al(OH)3 + H+  Al(OH)2+ + H2O
• Al(OH)2+ + H+  Al(OH)++ + H2O
• Al(OH)++ + H+  Al+++ + H2O
• The equilibrium reactions result in buffering of

soil
Mekanisme Penyangga (Buffering)
1. Oxidation of pyrite and reduced S minerals;

dissolution of minerals: pH 2 to 4
2. Aluminum compounds: pH 4.0 to 5.5
3. Pertukaran Kation : pH 5.5 to 6.8
4. Organic matter and minerals: pH 6.8 to 7.2
5. Karbonat dari Ca dan Mg : pH 7.2 to 8.5
6. Na+tukar; pelarutan Na-karbonat padatan : pH 8.5
to 10.5
Tipe Kemasaman Tanah
1. Kemasaman Aktif (Active acidity): Aktivitas

kation H+ dalam larutan tanah
2. Kemasaman Cadangan (Reserve acidity):

The acidity that is associated with the
exchange complex. It is neutralized by lime
or other alkaline material
Klasifikasi Kemasaman Tanah
- - + + + -
- + + +
- - +
- - + +
Clay +
- + + Bulk solution
surface - +
- + + + -
-- + + -
+
-
Hydrogen is part of the crystal lattice, and can be present as

an exchangeable cation and in the soil bulk solution
Ketersediaan Hara
1. Ketersediaan hara sangat berhubungan

erat dengan kelarutannya pada
berbagai nilai pH
2. At extreme pH values, solubility of
some nutrients increases
tremendously, leading to toxicity of
plants
Pengasaman
PengasamanTanah
Tanah
Use of ammonium-based fertilizers

(NH4)SO4 + 4O2  2HNO3 + H2SO4 + 2H2O
Deposisi Asam
Nitric (HNO3) + Sulfuric (H2SO4 ) acids
Pengasaman Tanah
Drainage of some coastal

wetlands leads to the oxidation
of pyrite (FeS2), iron sulfide (FeS)
and elemental S and formation
of sulfuric acid
.pH Tanah
pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+)
concentration. When water ionizes to H+ and OH- (a neutral solution),
both H+ and OH- ions are in equal concentrations of 0.0000001 moles
per liter. That is a very small concentration.
HOH <—> H+ + OH-
[H+] = [OH-] = 1 x 10-7 moles/liter.
The H+ ion and OH- concentrations in water are very small.

The pH scale has been devised for conveniently expressing these small
concentrations by expressing
pH = Log 1/[H+]
Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm
.pH Tanah
When the hydrogen concentration isgreater, such as 0.0001 moles per liter, the pH is 4;
when it is smaller, such as 0.00000001, the pH is 8. One thing to remember is that
when the pH changes from one unit to another, the change in the hydrogen ion
concentration is a ten-fold change, not just one. So a pH of 5 is ten times more acid
than a pH of 6 and 100 times more acid than a pH of 7.
.pH Tanah
Sources of H+ ions in the soil :
1. Dissociation of carbonic acid (H2CO3),
which forms readily in soils when CO2
is present;--- H2CO3- ---> CO2 + H +
+HCO3-
2. Asam organik formed during the
decomposition of organic matter; (5) uptake of positive ions by plant roots
3. Pembakaran batubara in electrical and the resulting release of H+ by the root
power plants releases sulfur to the to balance internal charge.
1. pH is < 4.0=indicates that the soil
atmosphere which is added to soils
contains free acids probably as a result
during precipitation as sulfuric acid, and of sulfide oxidation
fertilizers containing sulfur, which adds 2. pH is < 5.5=indicates that the soil's
H+ ; exchange complex is dominated by Al
4. Konversi NH4+ menjadi NO3- 3. pH is < 7.8=soil pH is controlled by a
melepaskan H+ selama siklus N atau range of factors
ketika pemupukan nitrogen. 4. pH is > 7.8=indicates that the soil
contains CaCO3
.pH Tanah
Tanah-tanah cenderung menjadi lebih masam karena:
1. Air Hujan mencuci kation basa (calcium, magnesium, potassium dan

sodium);
2. CO2 dari dekomposisi BOT dan respirasi akar yang larut dalam air-
tanah membentuk larutan asam lemah;
3. Penyerapan kation by plant roots and the resulting release of H+ by
the root to balance internal charge;
4. Pembentukan asam kuat organik dan anorganik, such as nitric and
sulfuric acid, from decaying organic matter and oxidation of
ammonium and sulfur fertilizers. Strongly acid soils are usually the
result of the action of these strong organic and inorganic acids.
.pH Tanah Pertanian
Sumber: Hardy DH, Tucker MR, Stokes CE. 2014. Crop fertilization based on North Carolina
soil tests. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,
Agronomic Division. Circular No. 1.
Efek pH Tanah thd Ketersediaan Hara
Sumber: http://www.summitfertz.com.au/agronomy_soil_pH.html
Terimakasih

DASAR ILMU TANAH REAKSI KEMASAMAN TANAH DAN PH

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DASAR ILMU TANAH REAKSI KEMASAMAN TANAH DAN PH

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pH -TANAH

• Milk of magnesia: ~10.5

Dark Gray Orthic Humo-Ferric Orthic Black

2. Tipe Liat ternyata sangat penting

1. Base cations (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) concentration

2. Kejenuhan basa berkaitan erat dengan pH

 Acidic cations: Al+++, H+

 Percent base saturation: A measure of

• Al(OH)3 + H+  Al(OH)2+ + H2O

• Al(OH)2+ + H+  Al(OH)++ + H2O

• Al(OH)++ + H+  Al+++ + H2O

• The equilibrium reactions result in buffering of

1. Oxidation of pyrite and reduced S minerals;

1. Kemasaman Aktif (Active acidity): Aktivitas

2. Kemasaman Cadangan (Reserve acidity):

Hydrogen is part of the crystal lattice, and can be present as

1. Ketersediaan hara sangat berhubungan

Use of ammonium-based fertilizers

Drainage of some coastal

HOH <—> H+ + OH-

[H+] = [OH-] = 1 x 10-7 moles/liter.

The H+ ion and OH- concentrations in water are very small.

1. Air Hujan mencuci kation basa (calcium, magnesium, potassium dan

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