THE IGNEOUS ROCK

 The first rocks on Earth are igneous rocks .

 All igneous rocks start out as melted rock,
(magma) and then crystallize or freeze.
 Can be form beneath at the earth’s surface or at
it’s surface as Lava.
 Derived from the Latin word IGNIS meaning Fire.
 FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCK
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and
solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form
with or without crystallization, either below the
surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as
extrusive rocks. This magma can be derived from
partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet’s
mantel or crust, typically the melting is caused by one
or more of three processes:

• An increase in temperature
• A decrease in pressure
• Change in composition.
TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCK

 Igneous rocks are classified according to their mode of

occurrence, texture, mineralogy, chemical composition, and
the geometry of the igneous body. Two important variables
that are used for the classification of igneous rocks are particle
size and the mineral composition of the rock.
 Phaneritic
- Crystals are visible with naked eyes
 Aphanitic
- Crystals are too small for naked eyes. (microscopic)
 Porphyritic
- Two distinct sizes of mineral grains.
•Granite is composed
mainly of quartz and
feldspar with minor
amounts of mica,
amphiboles, and other
minerals. This mineral
composition usually gives
granite a red, pink, gray, or
white color with dark
mineral grains visible
throughout the rock.
•It is commonly used for
kitchen counter tops.
• Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-
grained, igneous rock
composed mainly of
plagioclase and pyroxene
minerals. It most commonly
forms as an extrusive rock,
such as a lava flow, but can
also form in small intrusive
bodies, such as an igneous
dike or a thin sill.

•It is used as cobblestones, flooring tiles,

roadstone, and rail track ballasts.
• Andesite is the name
used for a family of fine-
grained,
extrusive igneous
rocks that are usually
light to dark gray in color.

•It can be used as

aggregate, fill etc. in the
construction and roading
industries (often not ideal
for concrete aggregate
because of high silica
content).
HYPABASSAL

is a form of intrusive igneous rock that

solidifies at medium to shallow depths
within the crust, usually in fissures as dikes
and intrusive sills. These rocks typically have
an intermediate grain size and texture
between that of intrusive and extrusive rock.