HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

AND THEIR FORMWORK

MMBC - VIII
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION
• Emporis standards-
“A multi- story structure between 35-100 m tall or a building of unknown
height from 12 – 39 floors is termed as high rise”

• The international conference on fire safety-

“Any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation”

• Building code of Hyderabad, India –

“A high rise building is one with 4 floors or more or 150 m or more in height”

• Massachusetts, United States general laws –

“A high rise is being higher than 70 feet (21 m)”
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• There are 3 major factors to consider in the design of all structures
-Strength
-Rigidity
-Stability

• As height increase, the rigidity and stability requirements become more

Rigid structure to increase stability
important, and they are often the dominant factors in the design. So,
- The size of the members may be increased above and beyond the strength
requirements
- Change the form of the structure into something more rigid and stable to
confine the deformation and increase stability
-P - ∆ effect, In which the eccentricity of the gravity load increases to such a
magnitude that it brings about the collapse of the columns as a result of axial loads
- Therefore, an important stability criterion is to assure that predicted wind loads
should be below the load corresponding to the stability limit
- The second consideration is to limit the lateral deflection to a level that will
ensure that architectural finishes and partitions are not damaged Variation of wind velocity with height
FORMWORK FOR HIGHRISE
BUILDINGS
• The selection of formwork systems in high-rise
buildings is often governed by their competence in
optimizing concrete activities in an isolated manner,
without relating this choice to the entire construction
workflow.
• Advanced high-rise formwork technologies have an
upper hand over the regular ones.
• The importance of advanced high-rise formwork
systems in streamlining the workflow of concrete and
other downstream activities allows for a better high
rise structure allowing for better resource allocation.
• Additionally, there is more waste reduction, smaller
work batches, less inventory, and safer working
environment.
FORMWORK SELECTION PARAMETERS
Construction of high-rise buildings requires innovative formwork system technologies to overcome the limitations of space,
budget, and time. However, many parameters affect the choice of formwork systems and are mainly divided into internal and
external parameters as shown below.
Internal Parameters External Parameters

Geometry Repetitive Simple / complexChanging Space Constraint of existing road or

geometry buildingStorage areaAssembly area

Concrete Rate of pouring/ concrete pressure Wind Wind load

Concrete Finish Curing time

Sequence of work Cycle time Crane CapacityAvailabilityTypeBoom reach

Formwork choice Existing formwork material to be Safety Special requirements needed

reused Rental or purchase Best value
for current project v/s Flexibility for
future projects

Construction MilestoneWorking
Planning schedule/shiftsProject
durationHolidays

Local rules and PermitsRestricted noiseSafety

regulations requirements
TYPES OF FORMWORK
1. SLIP FORMWORK
• Slip formwork is a construction method in which concrete is poured into a continuosly
moving form
• Basically, this method involves the continuous placing of concrete in a shallow mould
having the same plan as the building to be constructed.
• This rigid mould or slip form forms the working deck which is jacked slowly upwards at
a controlled rate until the required elevation is reached
• Method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete section and is suitable for
construction of core walls in high ride structures, lift shafts, stair shafts, towers
• The formwork rises continuously at a rate of about 300 mm per hour, supporting itself
on the core and not relying on support or access from other parts of the building or
permanent works
• Allows for continuous pouring of concrete into walls of a structure and only stops when
the full required height of the structure has been reached
• The height of the formwork is designed in such a way that while the top of the
formwork is being filled by concrete the lowest layer of concrete poured earlier has
already gained an initial set
• When the formwork is moved upwards the concrete that is then exposed remains firm.

Slip Formwork
2. JUMP FORMWORK
• Generally the jump form systems comprises the formwork and
working platforms for cleaning/fixing of the formwork, steel fixing
and concreting
• Jump form, often described as climbing form, it is suitable for
construction of multi – floor vertical concrete elements in high –
rise structures such as shear walls, core walls , lift shafts, stair shafts
and bridge pylons
• It is highly productive system designed to increase speed and
efficiency while minimizing labor and time
Jump Formwork
3. CLIMB FORM CONSTRUCTION
• It is a special type formwork for vertical concrete structures that
rises with the building process.
• It is economical, rapid and accurate method of constructing
reinforced concrete or post tensioned concrete structures
• At its most basic level, climb forming is a type of movable formwork
which is slowly raised, allowing continuous extrusion of concrete
• Effective solution for buildings that are either very repetitive in form
(such as towers or skyscrapers) or that require a seamless wall
structure
Climb form construction
4. TABLE FORM/ FLYING FORM WORK
• A table form work is a large pre – assembled formwork and falsework unit, often forming a
complete bay of suspended floor slab
• It offers mobility and quick installation for construction projects with regular plan layouts or
long repetitive structures so it is highly suitable for flat slab and beam layouts
• It is routinely used for residential, hotels, hostels, offices and commercial buildings
TABLE/ FLYING FORMWORK

5. SYSTEM COLUMN FORMWORK

• The column formwork systems now available are normally modular in nature and allow
assembly and erection on site while minimizing labor and crane time
• They are available in steel. Aluminum and even cardboard (not reusable but recyclable) and
have a variety of internal face surfaces depending on the concrete finish required
• Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable column form which can be clamped on site to give
different column size SYSTEM COLUMN FORMWORK

6. TUNNEL FORMWORK
• Tunnel formwork is used to form repetitive cellular structures and is widely recognized as a
modern innovation that enables that construction of horizontal and vertical elements together
• Significant productivity benefits have been achieved by using tunnel form to construct cellular
buildings such as hotels, low and high rise housing, hostels, student accommodation, prison
and barracks accommodation
TUNNEL FORMWORK
ISSUES
1. FUNDS - Cost is a major factor.
2. LOCAL RULES AND REGULATIONS - Planning permission, often there will be certain rules to comply to when using a certain amour of space
3. PLANNING
One of the biggest problems in construction of a skyscraper is planning. To construct a small house you need a progress schedule. To build a skyscraper
you need a critical path schedule. Usually a tall building is built in a high density area and street traffic has to be taken into consideration for delivery of
materials and erection of scaffolding and cranes.
4 .LIGHTING - Shadows can cast over other buildings and mess with light levels.
5. MATERIAL USED - Materials being Able to take certain strains
6. DESIGN FOR LATERAL FORCES
With really high buildings the wind and temperature becomes a major factor, and the building needs to accommodate for the sway and stretch of the
skyscraper.
7. AXIAL SHORTENING OF VERTICAL MEMBERS
In a tall building, you'll have the issues of axial shortening (from elastic deformation and creep) which could introduce additional P-Delta effects to
design against and affect the centre of gravity of the building. To address this, you'd have to have a look at the construction program and ensure that the
shortening effects in columns/walls are relatively equal across the board.
8. Load bearing capacity of the soil.
9. Social, cultural, political, and historic issues.
10. Availability of labor and resources.
11. Risk of earthquakes and extreme weather.
MATERIALS
REQUIREMENTS
• In general, for high rise buildings the resistance to overturning moment and lateral deflection will almost always
require additional material over and above that required gravity load alone
• The material required for floor framing is a function of the column to column span and not building height
• However the material required for the vertical system, such as columns and walls in high rise structures is
substantially more than that of low rise building
• The material increases in the ration (n + 1)/2, where n is the number of floors, because the vertical components
carrying the gravity loads will need to be strengthened for full height of the building , requiring more vertical
steel than a one – storey structure having the same floor area
TYPES
• The structural materials used in high-rise buildings are typically one or a combination of (reinforced or pre-
stressed) concrete, structural steel and composite systems.
• Structural material systems for high-rise buildings should be chosen by carefully considering architectural,
economical and site factors. The economic drivers vary by geography as the relative costs of material, labour,
time and space vary from one location to another.
• Other factors to consider in choosing the structural material include: local market preference/availability; project
size/height; building form (regular vs complex); design considerations (fire performance, dynamic performance,
adaptability, and the like); site location/access; and speed of construction.
CONCLUSION
• The spurt in high-rise projects around the country has been instrumental in giving the much needed fillip to climbing formwork
systems.
• With a perceptible shift in buyer behaviour, contractors today have today become aware that the significant cost and time saving
accrued due to the use of formwork systems; can help offset the perceived high initial capital, in a rather quick period of time.
• Rental companies too have taken a clue from the market trends and are today incorporating formwork as part of their product
portfolio in increasing numbers.
• With newer high-rise projects being launched, almost every alternate day, the market for formwork systems, is expected to quite
literally, touch dizzy heights in the next few years.

SOURCE :
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-major-problem-faced-and-presented-to-constructing-skyscrapers-that-non-high-rise-
buildings-do-not-face-in-their-constructions
https://www.slideshare.net/aks254447/highrise-structural-systems
https://www.slideshare.net/MSulmanSarwar/highrise-buildings-43531318
https://www.slideshare.net/ctm2015vnit/high-rise-building-construction
CASE STUDY 1 - MIVAN
TECHNOLOGY
MIVAN TECHNOLOGY
It is a precision-engineered formwork fabricated in
Aluminium and how the uses of mivan, can save time and
money for a multi-crore project.

INTRODUCTION
The most effective means available for the construction of
high, medium and low rise mass housing R/C structures. Mivan Shuttering
It is a precision-engineered formwork fabricated in
Aluminium, monolithic pouring. Walls, columns, slabs &
beam are poured together.
It is flexible in design and can form any architectural or
structural configuration, such as stairs, bay windows, curved
features, etc.

Mivan shuttering concrete pouring

WORKING OF MIVAN
Step 1: Detail Drawing of Mock
up Shuttering. Make sure the
building architectural
&structural details shall be
freeze before fabrication of
Aluminium Shuttering. It could
be cumbersome while
executing the works if there is
any revision in drawing
The plan of Tower E building
Step 2: After surveyor
provides marking on
columns then
reinforcement of columns
work start after that fixing
of mivan shuttering on
column is done.
The fixing of mivan plate on
column.
Step 3: Fixing of Slab Panels
after erection of vertical
wall panels then
reinforcement of beams,
slab and conduting work is
done.
The complete work of
reinforcement of beam,
slab, mivan shuttering of
slab panels and conduting
Step 4: We can start
concreting work after slab
shuttering & conduting
work is done.
The concreting work of
column, beams and slab.
FEATURES OF MIVAN FORMWORK
1. Sheet Thickness & Panel Sizes 4. Striking time
• The concrete face of panels (Al Sheet) is 4 mm thick. • Vertical (Wall) Formwork – 12 hours after concreting or when
• Standard sizes of Panels are: concrete strength has reached 2N/mm2.
2000x600,2000x300,1200x300,850x300. • Horizontal (Deck) Formwork – 36 hours after concreting or
• Apart from above any size as required shall be manufactured and when concrete strength has reached 10N/mm2.
delivered.
5. Pouring System
2. Load Carrying Capacity • Monolithic pouring for:
• High load carrying capacity of 7-8 Tonnes Per square meter Slabs
Weight Walls
• Light weight is the main advantage over conventional formwork Columns
technology. Beams
• Aluminium formwork weighs around 18-20 kg per meter square.
6. Durability
3. Cycle Time • The panels are made out of Structural Grade Aluminium alloy.
• High speed of construction can be achieved by this system that • Around 200 repetitions can be achieved while using
means faster completion of project. Aluminium Formwork System.
• 7 Days per floor.
 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ANALYSIS FOR
SHUTTERING WORK ONLY
For Tower E building:
• 1st slab – 21 days
• 2nd slab – 18 days
• 3rd slab – 15 days
• 4th slab – 12 days
• 5th slab – 9 days
• 6th to 18 th slab – 91days (@ 7 days per floor)
CONCLUSION

Concrete construction has gone through significant changes since the early 1990s and continues to develop innovation in
formwork.
Some of the pioneering companies in modern form working system are peri, doca system, outinord, meva, acrow.
We thus infer that mivan formwork construction is able to provide high quality construction at unbelievable speed at
reasonable cost.
This mivan technology has great potential for application in India to provide affordable housing to its rising population.
CASE STUDY 2 -
THANK YOU
DONE BY - GROUP C
- MAJIK VIVEK VASUDEV - 1OX15AT030
- PRAGATI V NAYAK - 1OX15AT046
- SYED SANJANA - 10X15AT059