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INTELLIGENCE AND APTITUDE

TESTS
By Elkana kasogota.
Undergraduate.
Concise definitions of Intelligence
• Capacity to acquire what is to be learned
• Ability to reason, solve problems and to use
higher mental abilities
• Ability to adapt to situations
• Ability to use the materials or tools of the
culture to advance
Manifestation of Intelligence
• Intelligence is not located anywhere in human
body. Not even in the brain.
• Intelligence is not distributed to various
people in a zero or one basis: rather various
people posses various degrees of different
types of intelligence despite of their cultures.
• Manifestation of intelligence somehow
corresponds to age of individual.
Intelligence with Age

• Intelligent is not confined to adults only, even kids possess


intelligent as per the following formula:

IQ=[MA/CA]*100
Where:
IQ=Intelligent Quotient
MA=Mental Age
CA=Chronological Age

• MA is an expected behavior that a person of a particular age is


likely to demonstrate.
Types of Intelligence
• Different people have tried to classify intelligence into different types. The
most widely referred classification is Gardeners’ Multiple-Intelligence.

• The Gardeners’ Multiple-Intelligence Types:


• Linguistic intelligence: Refer to the ability to use words effectively to convince,
inspire and to be able to talk about language itself.
• Logical mathematical intelligence: Ability to reason and to use numbers.
• Spatial intelligence: Ability to perceive the visual spatial world, doing
transformations and extensions of things upon those perceptions e.g. graphics
and drawings
• Body kinesthetic intelligence: Involves people who can use the whole body to
express ideas e.g. in speech, dancing and playing.
• Musical intelligence: Capacity to receive, discriminate and transform music
e.g. Sensitivity to rhythm, tone, melody, pitch.
The Gardeners Multiple Intelligence
Continues…
• Interpersonal intelligence/Emotional: Encompasses the ability to perform and make
intelligence distinctions e.g. making friendship, reciprocate and good language. It is
about voice, gestures and appropriate interaction. Being able to distinguish your
feelings and that of others.
• Intrapersonal intelligence: Self knowledge and ability to work appropriately e.g.
Making good choices and act accordingly, being able to adjust to new situations,
ability to act adaptively.

• Additional types of Intelligence


• Naturalistic intelligence: Ability to appreciate nature, to make observations, describes
phenomena, generate and test hypothesis. Ability to appreciate beauty.
• Leadership: Ability to inspire, innovate and show the way for others to follow
especially right ways of doing things.
• Existential intelligence: Is the ability to live with both science and metaphysics world.
E.g. To describe where life came from, define love, peace, harmony.
APTITUDE TESTS

• Provide information about student’s probable


level of future performance.
• They can be used to estimate whether a
student will profit from some specific
instructional programs or they can be useful in
helping a student identify career areas for
which he may have special aptitudes.
Issues across Intelligence and Aptitude Tests

• Reliability and validity:


• Many tests predict well enough for groups not
individual level
• The tests are normally value loaded
• Many intelligence tests seem to ignore some types
of intelligence such as musical and kinesthetic
• Labeling: E.g. A child can be labeled dumb
or genius; this may affect ones performance
in some negative ways

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