Balakrishnan B

ZERO WASTE CONCEPT

WA S T E M A N AG E M E N T
MT/AMS/10001/18
Automated manufacturing system
Production Department
WHAT IS ZERO WASTE CONCEPT?
Zero Waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life
cycles so that all products are reused. The goal is for no trash to be sent to
landfills, incinerators, or the ocean.
The ZW concept has been embraced by policymakers because it stimulates
sustainable production and consumption, optimum recycling and resource
recovery, and restricts mass incineration and landfilling.
However, professionals in waste management systems perceive and apply the
zero waste concept in different ways.
Example: Australia originated the radical idea. Municipalities proposed the
first ‘no waste’ bill, No Waste by 2010, in 1995 and Canberra became the
first city in the world to adopt an official zero waste target
THE LIFE CYCLE OF ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
ZERO WASTE
CYCLE
TIRUPATI
ZERO WASTE MANUFACTURING (ZWM)
Zero Waste Manufacturing (ZWM) is believed as a roadmap
for future of manufacturing by which the burning issue of
“Waste” can be tackled.
Now, we have a very broad range of products, which involves:
household needs, exceptionally advanced electronic accessories,
automobiles, processing and synthesis tools, eatables, etc.
Usually, the production of all goods and services is highly
complex wherein one has to sacrifice his resources at each and
every stage. In general, these sacrificed. In general, these
sacrificed resources are unable to recover or to reuse, hence
contributes towards manufacturing waste.
Controlling the diversity of the waste streams is itself a big
challenge for decision makers and at most of the occasions they
need to choose in-efficient and environmentally polluting
solutions, such as landfill.
ZERO WASTE MANUFACTURING (ZWM)
Zero-waste can be categorized into followings sub-systems
(i) zero waste in administration and manufacturing
(ii) zero waste of resources;
(iii) zero emissions;
(iv) zero waste in product life
(v) zero use of toxics.
PLASTICS/POLYMERS WASTE
Plastic/Polymer recycling is a way to reduce environmental problems caused by
polymeric waste accumulation generated from day-to-day applications of polymer
materials, mainly from packaging
The various plastics produced throughout the world can be proportionate in terms of
their percentages as: 31% polyethylene (PE), 17% polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 15%
thermoset, 14% polypropylene (PP), and 9% polystyrene (PS), respectively. In
addition, other kinds of plastics, such as: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),
polyamide (PA) or nylon-6, poly-lactic-acid, etc., not mentioned here comprise 14%
of the world production .Thermoplastics contribute roughly 80% in the total plastic
consumption and are used for typical plastics applications such as packaging but also
in non-plastics applications such as textile fibers and coatings and construction.
The several options available to treat plastic wastes involves: re-use, re-extrusion
(primary process), mechanical recycling (known as secondary process), chemical
recycling (tertiary process) and energy recovery (quaternary process)
Materials Recycled Methodology Used Investigations Remarks/Conclusions
Recycled plastic is helpful for
Mixed in the cement
HDPE, PVC and PP Thermal and energy increasing the properties of
concretes
concrete

Mixed in the cement Strength increases with the

Shredded Plastics Strength addition of concentration
concretes
of plastic materials

Melt blending and Composites showed a

HDPE and natural lower crystallization peak
compression molding Mechanical properties
fibers temperatures and lower
process
thermal stability
Viscosity of low grade
High viscosity grade material is reduced with the
Injection Moulding Temperature and shear
and low viscosity increasing no of cycles and
rate
grade ABS the melt viscosity is
increases for high grade
material
Melt viscosity and tensile
Extrusion and injection Mechanical, thermal and strength remain same but
ABS
Moulding techniques rheological properties the impact strength slightly
decreases
Chemical structure, melt Melt viscosity decreases
Polypropylene (PP) Injection Moulding viscosity, crystallization with recycling, whereas
behavior, tensile and other properties increases
fracture properties with recycling
Mixed in the cement Strength increases with the
HDPE Strength addition of concentration
concretes
of plastic materials
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC WASTE (E-WASTE)
Electronic products, an indispensable part of human’s life, are providing us
comfort, security, entertainment, easy and faster acquisition and exchange of
information.
Like other hazardous wastes, the problem of e-waste has become an immediate and
long term concern as its unregulated accumulation and recycling can lead to major
environmental problems and endangering human health. The composition of e-waste
is diverse and falls under ‘hazardous’ and ‘non-hazardous’ categories
It includes computer and its accessories monitors, printers, keyboards, central
processing units; typewriters, mobile phones and chargers, remotes, compact discs,
headphones, batteries, LCD/Plasma TVs, air conditioners, refrigerators and other
household appliances
Materials Methodology Investigations Remarks/Conclusio Mixed in the Compression Strength increased
Steel solid
Recycled Used ns reinforced and whereas
wastes
Pozzolanic concrete workability workability
properties of waste Waste tiles have all test decreased
Waste tile Mixed in the tile and setting time, pozzolanic
cements volume stability, properties and also
particle size, density, used for reducing Steel fibers Mixed in the Mechanical Overall strength
specific surface cost concretes properties increased
area, and strength
Mixed in the Steel fiber Lathe waste, soft
Steel fiber Permeability test drink bottle caps,
reinforced reduced Mixed in the Mechanical Overall strength
concrete permeab empty waste tins,
concretes properties increased
ility waste steel
powder
Waste tire and Improvement in
Stone matrix Mechanical
carpet toughnes
asphalt properties
fibers s values Lathe scrap Mixed in the Mechanical Strength increased
Chromium- Various alkali and concretes properties
Post-tanning
containing enzymatic hydrolysis -
operations of
leather waste were compared Natural coarse Ultra-sonic pulse
leather
treatment aggregate, steel Mixed in the velocity testing, -
processing
process slag aggregate concretes compressive strength
Mixed in the Mechanical and High compressive and fly ash
Tire waste
rubberized micro- strength was
concretes structure obtained
behavior Scale and steel Mixed in the Mechanical Steel mixed with
Scale and steel Mixed in the Mechanical Steel mixed with chips concretes properties concrete
chips concretes properties concrete
COCA-COLA COMPANY

Packaging is a great example of where some good work has been done. Companies
are using new materials and new technologies to provide the same protection with less
material and therefore less waste (Coca-Cola Company, 2013).
Coca Cola reports that they have done many beneficial works, such as
➢ Trimming the weight of their 20-ounce PET plastic bottle by more than 25%;
➢ Shaving 30% from the weight of their 12-ounce aluminum can
➢ Lightening their 8-ounce glass bottle by more than 50%
And better yet, in their 2011/2012, Coca Cola reported saving $180 million from
reducing their packaging.
CONCLUSION
The concept of “Zero Waste” is an effective way to solve the solid waste issues. Zero
waste is to encourage the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are
reused.
many meaningful efforts have been carried out in the cities, companies, and
individual, which provide many good suggestions for us to realize the zero waste in
future.