Homeostasis function of Renal

Dr. Dini Sri Damayanti,Mkes

Body Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
 Thirst centers in the hypothalamus
 relay information to the cerebral cortex where thirst
becomes a conscious sensation
 controls the release of ADH

 Stimuli for thirst sensation

 Baroreceptors and stretch receptors as detectors
 impulses sent to the thirst control centers in the
hypothalamus

 Effect of ADH (vasopressin)

Factors affecting
ADH release
• Sodium balance
 The kidneys - the major site of control of sodium output
 Influence of dietary input on appropriate changes in
sodium excretion by the kidneys
 Effector mechanisms include changes in:
- glomerular filtration rate
- plasma aldosterone levels
- peritubular capillary Starling forces
- renal sympathetic nerve activity
- intrarenal blood flow distribution
- plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
 Effects of aldosterone
 The renin-angiotensin system
 release of renin
 action of renin on the formation of angiotensin II
 effects of angiotensin II: a.blood pressure; b. synthesis
and release of aldosterone; c. stimulation of the
hypothalamic thirst centers; d. release of ADH
Principal cells & aldosterone
Pathway of RAAS
 Release of Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
 in response to an increase in blood volume
 increase sodium excretion by increasing GFR and inhibiting
sodium reabsorption
 • Atrial natriuretic peptide

• Decreased blood pressure

stimulates renin secretion
 Other factors affecting sodium excretion include:
 glucocorticoids
 estrogen
 osmotic diuretics
 poorly reabsorbed anions
 diuretic drugs
• Potassium balance
 Potassium plays a number of important roles in
the body
 electrical excitability of cells
 major osmotically active solute in cells
 acid-base balance
 cell metabolism

 The kidneys are the major site in control of

potassium balance
 Factors affecting the distribution of potassium
between cells and extracellular fluid include:
 activity of the sodium-potassium pump
 acid-base status of body fluids
 availability of insulin
 cellular breakdown due to trauma, infection, ischemia,
and heavy exercise

 The regulation of plasma potassium by hormones

 insulin
 epinephrine
 aldosterone,
 Factors affecting potassium excretion include:
 intracellular potassium concentration
 aldosterone
 excretion of anions
 urine flow rate
Acid base balance in
acidosis
Regulation of Erythropoiesis