Chapter 3

Paragraph Structure
 Paragraph Structure
1- Organization
 Three Parts of a Paragraph ( examples)
The Topic Sentence
Supporting Sentences
 2- Punctuations
Apostrophes
3-The Writing Process
 (Outlining following the examples)
4. Review
5.Writing Assignments
6.Summary Writing I
6 (37-57)
Paragraph Structure (1)
 Definition of Paragraph as you know

is

A group of related
sentences develop one
idea(the idea is the topic
sentence)
The structure(parts) of this paragraph consist of:

Part 1
Topic sentence What is the topic is trying to discuss

Part 2
Supporting Sentences Details about the topic

Part 3
Concluding Sentence
Summarize the main idea or write the
topic sentece in different words
 Umm
A delicious
Sandwich
Upper slice
(topic sentence)
Enclosure
(supporting sentences)
down slice
(concluding sentence)
 Read A Wedding in Hawaii

Model {1}

To Know the 3parts of

the paragraph
 The first ;
topic sentence

The mix of culture in Hawaii

makes weddings there re
special occasions
 The second
Supporting sentences
2-11

2. Certainly,……..
3.For example,…….
4.Both the bride and the groom wear……
5.The bride…….
6.Another Hawaiian custom…
7. Hawaiian music…
8. Other custom
9. For instance,
10. There may be
11. during
 The third part
Concluding Sentence

12. All in all, a Hawaiian wedding is

truly a magical multicultural invent.
 Answer the Questions on this Model P: 39

Then study the each part of the paragraph.

 See Page(39)
A)-The last topic is:

Hawaiian Wedding
B) Controlling sentences:
What is the paragraph will tells about
this topic
Why called controlling?( is limit the topic
to a very specific points
 Practice 1- P:40

In group or whole discuss:

Predict the content of controlling idea about:
1. Some wedding are very elaborate
2. Some wedding are very simple
3. Some wedding take place in unusual locations
Position of topic sentence in

The first sentence in a paragraph

But some good writer put it the
end

But the best is at the top

 A good topic sentence always

 Not too general


 not too specific

 See example practice 1 P:{49}

 Practice 2 {P:40- 41- 42}

A)- put {√} to a good topic

sentences.
B)- read the 2 paragraph then
choose a best topic sentence from
the three choices (a,b,c)
C)- give the topic and controlling
ideas {P:42
 Developing Topic Sentences (P:43)

- 1. Imagine I give you a topic called friends (it is too

wide for a paragraph)
- 2. Narrow it to smaller
- 3. it is better to do so to use listing techniques yu
know.
- 4. write any words about friend or phrases come to
your mind.
- L K at this list
DEVELOPING THE TOPIC SENTENCES (p”43)

 FRIENDS AS EXAMPLE (topic sentence)

a list of Friends– or --Kinds of friend

New friends Friends from school
Old friends Casual friends
Best friends How to make friend
Childhood friends What is a friend
Choose one from the list- make a second list

What’s a friend for example

Have fun with Share problems
Hang out with Is loyal
Play sport with Can depend on
Share secrets Help each other
Can trust Ask advice
Enjoy the same activities Like the same movies
Like the same activities

Make controlling ideas from above:

Afriend is a person you can share secret with
A friend who show loyality
A friend is a person who like sthe movies you like
 P: 43 Try it out (Pair works)

 Step 1
 Choose one topic and then follow the list technique
to make topic sentences:
 I choose one: Ways of wasting Time (topic+controlling ideas)
1. ways of wasting time can be in a useful activities
2. Ways of wasting time can be useless activities
3. Ways of wasting time can be enjoyable
4. Ways of wasting time can boring
 Step 2 (P:44)
Supporting sentences
 Give more information about the topic sentence
Example the topic about:
Ways of wasting time
Supporting sentences:
ways of wasting time can be in a useful
activities like reading books, practicing sport,
helping children at the Orphanages and share
in keeping your city clean.
- Ways of wasting time can be in useless
activities for example wondering on
streets aimless, drawing on others’ walls,
playing football on street when people
resting at home, leaving school
homework and watching TV, or sleeping
and there is some duties to do ….etc
Practice 3(Groups)- P:44 Write supporting Sentences

Read topic sentences

Fill in the blank with supporting
sentences.
Add many supporting sentence
Follow the given example in all
(1) to (6)
 Important Signal Phrase(P:45)

 It use to give examples

 Some come at the beginning of sentences use comma
after it before the example (for example, (for
instance,)
 If the signal phrases come in the middle don’t use
comma (such as)

 see examples about signal

phrases on the table P:45
Practice 4( read and usesignal phrases P 45)

Fill in the gap using the 3 words blow the put

comma when necessary:

For example

For instance

Such as
 Practice 5 (P: 46)
Supporting Sentences + Examples

 Back to A Hawaiian wedding P:38

 Then complete the box
 By copying the supporting sentences into box
 There are 2 supporting point sentences and several
examples

There is a concluding sentence

 Concluding signals P:47
3 Rule 1: begin with concluding signals then put a
comma ( some don’t use it)

A- That followed by a That followed by a B-That not followed

comma comma by a comma
All in all In a summary It is clear that
In brief In conclusion These examples show
that…
In conclusion To summarize You can see that
Indeed To sum up
In short

Rule 2: at the end remind the reader with the main idea
not copy the same one using special methods as follow:
 Ways of concluding the paragraph

This is a Topic sentence: example (1)successful

bidding on eBay requires patience and strategy…can
be concluded as:

1. In conclusion, wait patiently and place your bid

with precision timing and you will be the winning
bidder every time
Example (2) to Summarize the main
point nor points of the paragraph
In conclusion, follow the steps I have outlined,
and you will be the winning bidder every time.
3. Never end a paragraph by introducing new idea
as:
In conclusion, you can spend a lot of
money on eBay XXX
Attention Please

Not all paragraph need conclusion, but

the one stand alone need a conclusion
Practice 6- P: 47 choose a best conclusion

A&B
then give concluding sentences for the three example
paragraph
 Practice 7- P49-50

 The paragraphs in this practice are not in a correct

order( Scrambled) –
 Using the 5 steps or directions given then:
1- put the sentences in their correct order
2- Copy them to the next page in the diagram
E-f-a-c-i-d-g-h=b

Back to Try it out P:43 on the topic you chose and

make supporting ideas
Make a diagram like on P:50
P:: 51- 52
Punctuation- P:51- Apostrophes

Uses of apostrophes (‘)

Contraction Possessive
show where the (own)
letter is missing
Fatima’s book
isn’t
He’s- You’re

To make the letter of

alphabet plural
girls’ books
Shams’ s pen
Boss’s car
Open your book
P:51-52
Practice 8- Home works Page 53-54

 A)-change to possessive (1-11)

 B) Make Possessive Phrase
 C)- Make sentences use possessive