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shock
AA Khaleghi
Emergency medicine
specialist
PERSPECTIVE
Hemorrhagic Shock
In general, hemorrhage first increases pulse and cardiac
contraction, then increases vasoconstriction.
The first clinical manifestations of hemorrhage are tachycardia,
then a slight increase in the diastolic BP, causing the pulse
pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic BP) to
narrow
Arterial hypotension is generally and arbitrarily defined as a
systolic arterial BP less than 90 mm Hg, but this threshold
should be increased to 100 mm Hg in patients with known
systemic hypertension and inpatients older than age 60 years
gram-positive
.
Cardiogenic Shock
distended jugular
heart sounds
pulmonary rales
Wheezing
Abdominal tenderness
Rectal and pelvic examinations
Recta] temperature
Laboratory, radiographic, and other
ancillary data
lactate clearance
Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SV02)