QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND

ITS IMPORTANCE
 Qualitative research... Commonly
called “interpretive research”
…its methods rely heavily on “thick”
verbal descriptions of a particular
context being studied
 The general characteristics of
Qualitative Research
Data sources are authentic.
Data are descriptive.
Emphasizes a holistic approach (processes and
outcomes).
Data analysis is inductive.
 Describes the meaning(s) of research finding(s)
from the perspective of the research participants
 Types of Qualitative Researches
1. Biographical Study- The study of an individual and
her or his experiences as told to the researcher or
found in documents and archival material. Life
history-The study of an individual’s life and how it
reflects cultural themes of the society.

1. Student Life of Jose Rizal: A Documentary

2. The comparative analysis of 19th Century scientists:
Common and Contrast
3. Who is Lapu-Lapu?: A closer look to a brave hero
 Types of Qualitative Researches
2.Phenomenology- Describes the meaning of the lived
experience about a concept or a phenomenon for several
individuals.
1. Phenomenological Research and Adolescent Female Sexuality:
Discoveries and Applications
2. AN INDEPTH EXPLORATION INTO THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE WITH
A MILD OR MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILTY.

3. NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCES AMONG CRTITICAL PATIENTS

: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS4.
 Types of Qualitative Researches
3. Grounded Theory- Based on Symbolic Interactionism
which posits that humans act and interact on the basis of
symbols, which have meaning and value for the actors.

1. Using Grounded Theory in Feminist research – A research about

women’s exclusion from administration positions in primary
education
2. The Delivery of Quality Nursing Care: A Grounded Theory Study of the Nurses‘
3. PerspectiveGrounded Learning: An Application of Grounded
Theory In Educational Practice
 Types of Qualitative Researches
4. Ethnography- A description and interpretation of a
cultural or social group or system. The researcher
examines the group’s observable and learned patterns of
behavior, customs, and ways of life. Involves prolonged
observation of the group, typically through participant.
1.Ethnographic analysis on Internet-mediated communication
practices in Cambodia
2. Child rearing practices of Manobo Tribe: A close
encounter
 Types of Qualitative Researches
5. Case Study- A case study is an exploration of a “bounded
system” or a case (or multiple cases) over time through detailed,
in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information
rich in context. The context of the case involves situating the case
within its setting. which may be physical, social, historical and/or
economic.
1. Cultural influences on the social network marketing effectiveness : A case Study
in Thailand
2. Gender Differences Within Academia : A case study on the
probability of promotion
3. Case Study on male prostitution in Cebu City
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative Research vs. Qualitative Research
-uses narrative descriptions, where
-concentrates on measurements that the words are data and cannot be
operationalize constructs. reduced to numbers.

-includes descriptive statistics like the -uses literary and verbal data to
mean, median, and standard deviation, reconstruct and understand.
but can also include inferential statistics
like t-tests, ANOVAs, or multiple -does not rely on numerical
regression correlations (MRC). measurements, and depends
-requires the standardization of data instead on research that produces
collection to allow statistical descriptive data
comparison
Fundamentals of Qualitative Research:
Meaning, not numbers
 Strength and Weaknesses of Qualitative
A. GAINING ENTRY
-access is very much dependent upon the researcher’s personal
characteristics and how others perceive the researcher.
-may require considerable negotiation and compromise with a
gatekeeper trust is earned, not given.
B. CONTACTING PARTICIPANTS
-gaining access
-dealing with gatekeeper(s)
-issues of building trust and ensuring confidentiality and
anonymity
 Strength and Weaknesses of Qualitative
C. SELECTING PARTICIPANTS
-is fraught with difficulties in identifying and selecting an
appropriate number of participants who can provide
useful information about the particular topic and setting
being studied.
D. THE THREATS TO VALIDITY IN QUALITATIVE STUDIES
-observer bias
-invalid information resulting from the perspective
-the researcher brings to the study and imposes upon it
 Strength and Weaknesses of Qualitative

E. LEAVING THE FIELD

-The question is when and how to exit.
-the bonds formed with study participants complicate
leaving the setting
-time constraints
-when the amount of accessible data is sufficient