BY HATSHIT JAYSAN SHARMA ,

ADHYAN BINDAL , RACHIT GUPTA , JUHI LAL ,

MATRI VATS , SIDHARAT GUPTA
TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION IN SIKKIM
Sikkim currently does not have
any operational airport or
railhead because of its rough
terrain. However, Pakyong
Airport, the state's first airport,
located at a distance of 30 km
(19 mi) from Gangtok, is
expected to become
operational in October 2018,
after its completion was delayed
from the original target of
2014.[91][92] It has been
constructed by the Airports
Authority of India on 200 acres
of land. At an altitude of 4,700
feet (1,400 m) above sea level, it
will be one of the five highest
airports in India. The airport will
be capable of operating ATR
aircraft.
National highway 10 (NH 10)
links Siliguri to Gangtok.
Sikkim National Transport
runs bus and truck services.
Privately run bus,
tourist taxiand jeep services
operate throughout Sikkim,
and also connect it to Siliguri.
A branch of the highway
from Melli connects western
Sikkim. Towns in southern and
western Sikkim are
connected to the hill
stations of Kalimpong and Dar
jeeling in northern West
Bengal.[97] The state is
furthermore connected
to Tibet by the mountain pass
of Nathu La.
Sikkim lacks significant railway
infrastructure. The closest major
railway stations are Siliguri
and New Jalpaiguri in
neighbouring West
Bengal.[98] However, the New
Sikkim Railway Project has been
launched to connect the town
of Rangpo in Sikkim
with Sevoke on the West Bengal
border.[99] The five-station line
is intended to support both
economic development
and Indian Army operations,
and was initially planned to be
completed by
2015,[100][101] though as of 2013
its construction has met with
delays.[102] In addition, the
Ministry of Railways proposed
plans in 2010 for railway lines
linking Mirik to Ranipool.
SMU runs distance education courses in Information Technology and
Management Studies. A dedicated placement cell conducts periodic
drives across India to help SMU’s distance education students secure
jobs on completion of their course.
In 2011, Sikkim’s adult
literacy rate was 8.2.2
percent: 87.29 percent for
males and 76.43 percent for
females. There are total of
1,157 schools in the state,
including 765 schools run
by the state government,
seven central schools and
385 private schools. Twelve
colleges and other
institutions in Sikkim.
• Bachelor of Business
Administration
• Bachelor of Computer
Application
• Bachelor of Science
(Information
Technology)
• Master of Business
Administration (MBA)
• Master of Computer
Applications (MCA)
• Master of Science in
Information Technology
(MSc.IT)
The preparatory works
relating to 19th Livestock
Census, 2012 actually began
with the printing of
schedules to be used for
collection of Livestock data.
Department did not go for
multilingual printing of
schedules and the
schedules for the purpose
of carrying out the
enumeration work of the
said Census were printed in
English language.
The society of a region, it's culture, social institutions, beliefs and social structure are all
sensitive to the development. Economic activity is referred to as the livelihood pattern, so is
the prevalent economic conditions of the people. People of Sikkim engage in different
economic activities, prominent among which are Tourism, Industries, horticulture &
agriculture etc. giving rise to a definite occupational structure. In other words, economic
parameters of a region are the best indicators of the development.
A peep into Sikkim's Economy
TOURISM
Tourism is considered as the
backbone of Sikkim's
economy. It has brought
economic prosperity in
Sikkim. With the salubrious
climate, the natural beauty
and the fine cultural heritage
of Sikkim, the growth of
tourism has immense
possibilities. There are large
number of places of tourist
attraction particularly the
snow clad mountains, the
lakes and unspoiled forest
areas and valleys of flowers.
The advantage of having very
fine monasteries in Sikkim
can also be taken to attract
Buddhist tourists from
countries like Japan and the
South Eastern countries.
AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the major economic
activity and is practiced on terraced
field that has been laboriously
created from steep hillsides. There
are in all 689 enterprises that have
been identified, which are mostly
concentrated in rural areas. Sikkim is
the largest producer of cardamom
and also boasts to utilize largest area
for its cultivation. Tea is exported to
USSR & Germany. A coffee plantation
has also been started at Majitar.
Sikkimese economy broadly depends
on the agriculture which provides
livelihood to the majority of
population in the state. However, it's
progress remained limited due to
difficult topography and other natural
barriers. As a result all head sectors
related to agriculture emerged,
government is doing it's best to
improve the situation. Cardamom in
Sikkim
HORTICULTURE
Horticulture is one of the major
economic activities of the people
of Sikkim. Large Cardamom,
ginger and turmeric are the
principal crops while Mandarin
orange, guava, mango, banana and
so on are the principal fruits grown
in the state. The department of
Horticulture is deeply involved in
motivating and providing technical
guidance to local farmers. Sikkim
is also a paradise for flowers.
Gladioli, anthuriums, lilliums,
primulas, rhododendrons, orchids
as well as many other floral
species thrive here. The state is
home to an amazing 450 species of
exotic orchids alone. There is
immense potential for developing
floriculture on a commercial basis
here, and the department of
Horticulture is making concerted
efforts to turn this sector into an
export-oriented industry.
FOREST
Forest is one of the richest natural
resources of Sikkim. The total land
area managed by and under
administrative control of Forest
Department is above 80% of the total
geographical area of the state. Sikkim
has a unique Bio-Diversity. The
composition ranges from tropical Dry
Deciduous Forests with Sal and its
associates in the valleys of Teesta and
Rangit to the Alpine Scrub and
Grasslands in high altitudes.During
the two last decades Forest
Department has laid emphasis on
development of fodder and fuelwood
in the agriculture fallow lands of the
villagers giving priority to plantation
of broom grass for fodder and for
economic upliftment of the villagers.
This year, the target for afforestation
under 20-Point program is 11,000
hectares of which Forest Department
has achieved over 8,000 ha. by
plantation.
MINING
The state of Sikkim is
endowed with rich geological
resources. The department of
mines and geology has been
responsible for exploration
and establishment of mineral
resources, with the object of
developing commercially
exploitable mineral
resources. Moderable to fair
amount of success has been
achieved during the
investigation carried out by
different agencies in certain
sectors namely dolomite,
coal, quartzite, graphite, lime
stone, silliminite, talc, mineral
water, thermal springs,
building stone and materials
for porcelain.
INDUSTRIES
The policy of framework in regard to
industrialization in Sikkim has to be
formulated keeping in mind the
particular factors endowments that
the state has the limitations in regard
to resources, particularly, minerals
and industrial raw materials as well as
man power. The state is not so rich in
mineral resources and apart from the
deposits of copper, lead and zinc, no
other viable and exploitable mineral
deposits have so far been discovered.
While on the other hand the state
enjoys a salubrious climate, a dust
free atmosphere and peaceful
industrial entrepreneurial talent, has
also to be taken note of. In regard to
industrial development, a number of
small and medium units have been
promoted in the state. For
example, The Sikkim Time
Corporation
(SITCO) and Government Institute of
Handicraft and Handlooms.
POWER
The innumerable streams and rivers
flowing down the Himalayas have
provided Sikkim with an immense
potential for development of Hydro
Electric Power . The demand for Power
increased with the increase in the
population. The number of urban
centers and the pace of industrialization
picking up in the State and finally
taking up of rural electrification.

In the VII Plan the two Hydel Projects

namely Rimbi Stage II and Rongnichu
Stage II have been completed along
with the Lachen Micro Hydel Project.
Above all, Sikkim Government,
extended a total number of 3000 free
connections under the scheme of
extending two point free domestic
connections to the poor masses and
provided electrification to all the
district headquarters, towns and 90% of
the total revenue blocks. Sikkim stood
first in rank along with 12 States in the
centpercent village electified.
LIQUOR
INDUSTRY
The Head office of the
Excise (Abkari)
Department is located in
its own building at M.G.
Marg Gangtok. The field
activities for the East and
North District is being
looked after by one
Deputy Commissioner
Exercise and in the same
line, the field activities of
South and West District
are looked after by an
Assistant Commissioner
whose Office is located at
Jorethang.
Pisiculture is an important area of economic activity particularly in the
context of enabling the rural people. The states natural resources
endowments with an extensive network of freshwater rivers, lakes and
streams offers conditions which are conducive for development of inland
fisheries where a variety of carps and trout's can thrive. With a view to
exploit these natural resources endowments.
LIVESTOCK
In a predominantly rural economy
such as Sikkim, animal husbandry
activities form an extremely
important element in the effort to
bring about substantial
improvements in living standards.
The overall area available for
agriculture operations is limited to
about 15% of the geographical
area of the state and with the
increasing population, per capita
land availability has been
consistently declining, it is
therefore, essential, that
supplementary sources of income
should be developed in order to
provide not only the much needed
support to the rural families but
also to make available in
increasing quantity, protein rich
food items such as milk, egg, and
meat. Adequate number of
livestock like cattle, buffaloes,
pigs, sheep's, goats, yaks and few
other are reared in sikkim. Yaks are
reared in north eastern ranges
bordering Tibet, Bhutan and
western region bordering Nepal.
Forestry is the major land use in
the State and nearly 82 % of the
total geographical area of the
State is under the administrative
control of the State Forest
Department. Developmental
activities was greatly accelerated
in every sector soon after 1975
when Sikkim got merged in the
Indian union, as a result, state
revenue enhanced to 120.59
cores in 2006 which was only
48.44 cores in 1994. The
economy of Sikkim is mainly
based on Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry. Approximately 11%
of the total geographical area is
under Agriculture. Tourism is one
of the important service sector
business activities in the state;
about 3 Lakhs tourists visit this
tiny Himalayan state annually.