GEOMETRIC MEAN

QUARTILES
MODE
TEAM MEMBERS

VEDIKA MOHITE-25
NADIA RAHMAN-26
SARITHA NAIR-27
KARAN NAIK-28
 MODE
 Mode is the most common item of series. Mode is the value which
occurs the greatest number of frequency in a series. It is derived
from French word ‘la mode’ meaning the fashion. Mode is the most
fashionable or typical value of a distribution, because it is repeated
the highest number of times in the series. According to croxton and
cowden, “The mode of a distribution is the value at the point around
which the item tend to be most heavily concentrated. Mode is
defined as the value of the variable which occurs most frequently in
a distribution. The mode in a distribution is that item around which
there is maximum concentration. The chief feature of mode is that it
is the size of that item which has the maximum frequency and is also
affected by the frequencies of the neighbouring items.
 Calculation of Mode
 A. Individual Series:
 The terms are arranged in any order. Ascending or Descending. If each term
of the series is occurring once, then there is no mode, otherwise the value
that occurs Maximum Times is known as Mode. Mode is often denoted by Z.
 Method to Calculate Mode:
 (1) Arrange the terms in ascending or descending order (Preferably
Ascending)
 (2) Note the term occurring maximum times if it is or is a unique one.
 (3) This term is Mode. (Z).
 B. Discrete Series:
 We cannot depend on the method of inspection to find out the mode. In such
situations, it is suggested to prepare a grouping table and an analysis table
to find out the mode.First we prepare grouping table and then analysis table
 Grouping Table: It has Six Steps as given below.
 (1) Frequencies are taken.
 (2) Frequencies are added in two(s).
 (3) Leaving first item, frequencies are added in two(s)
 (4) Frequencies are added in threes.
 (5) Leaving first frequency, frequencies are added in three (s)
(6) Leaving first two frequencies, frequencies are added in three (s) In
each case, take maximum total and put it in a circle or a box to distinguish
it from others.
 Analysis Table:
 (1) Note highest total in each column.
 (2) Note the variable and/or variable in each column corresponding to that
total.
 (3) Check if that total is of individual term or more (2 or 3) terms.
 (4) If the total consists of 2 or more frequencies, all such variables have to
be marked as V or x
 (5) Count a/ or x marks in each column.
 (6) Variable with maximum √ or x marks denotes mode.
 Example. Find Mode from the following data:
 Continuous series:
 Continuous series means where frequencies are given along with the value
of the variable in the form of class intervals
 GEOMETRIC MEAN
 In mathematics, the geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which
indicates the central tendency or typical value of a set of numbers by using
the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses
their sum). The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of the product of n
numbers, i.e., for a set of numbers x1, x2, ..., xn, the geometric mean is
defined as

 For instance, the geometric mean of two numbers, say 2 and 8, is just the
square root of their product, that is,√2.8=4 As another example, the
geometric mean of the three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 is the cube root of their
product (1/8), which is 1/2, that is,
 QUARTILE
 A quartile is a type of quantile. The first quartile (Q1) is defined as the middle
number between the smallest number and the median of the data set. The
second quartile (Q2) is the median of the data. The third quartile (Q3) is the
middle value between the median and the highest value of the data set.
 In applications of statistics such as epidemiology, sociology and finance, the
quartiles of a ranked set of data values are the four subsets whose
boundaries are the three quartile points. Thus an individual item might be
described as being "in the upper quartile".

 Symbol Names Definition

 Q1 first quartile
 lower quartile splits off the lowest 25% of data from the
highest 75%
 25th percentile
 COMPUTING METHODS
 Method 1
 Use the median to divide the ordered data set into two halves.
 If there are an odd number of data points in the original ordered data set, do
not include the median (the central value in the ordered list) in either half.
 If there are an even number of data points in the original ordered data set,
split this data set exactly in half.
 The lower quartile value is the median of the lower half of the data. The
upper quartile value is the median of the upper half of the data.
 Method 2
 Use the median to divide the ordered data set into two halves.
 If there are an odd number of data points in the original ordered data set,
include the median (the central value in the ordered list) in both halves.
 If there are an even number of data points in the original ordered data set,
split this data set exactly in half.
THANK YOU