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BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
Is any care given to an
injured or ill person before
professional medical
assistance arives on the
scene to take control of the
situation.
FIRST AID
Preserve life
Prevent further harm
and complications
Provide reassurance
OBJECTIVES
Protect yourself and others at all
times against injury or harm-
person delivering first aid should
not become casualty.
Wear protective gloves when
administering first aid to protect
against infection.
NOTE!
PRIMARY
ASSESSMENT
D for danger
R for responses
A for airway
B for breathing
C for circulation
DRABC
Check for danger, or life-
threatening hazards.
If there is danger around,
you need to move with
your casualty to prevent
further injury to anyone.
DANGER
Try and get a response from the
casualty by gently tapping his or her
shoulder and calling his or her name.
Avoid shaking them as this may worsen
an existing injury.
Get a history- what happen?, how do
you feel?, do you have pain? Then
check if there is evidence of bleeding,
broken bones, swelling, etc.
RESPONSE
If the victim is not breathing,
open the airway.
Remove any visible
obstructions from the mouth
and nose to unblock the
airways.
AIRWAY
Check breathing by looking or listening
for up to 10 secs to their mouth.
If casualty is not breathing, administer
rescue breathing/mouth to mouth
resuscitation.
If casualty is breathing: continue to
monitor , note their respiration rate so
it can be communicated to
professionals when they arrive.
BREATHING
Check to see if the person has a
pulse.
Without pulse, there is no heart
beating and there is no circulation.
If the casualty is not breathing
and there is no pulse, administer
CPR(Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation)
CIRCULATION
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
CARRYING
Support the victim’s head, neck and
back, if necessary.
When possible, move forward rather
than backward.
Always look where you are going
Walk carefully using short steps.
Only attempt to move a person
when you are sure that you can
handle him/her.
NOTE:
Grasp the victim by both
ankels or pant cuffs.
Keep your back as
straight and in-line as
possible
Keep aware that the
head is unsupported and
may be bounce over
bumps and surface
imperfections.
ANKLE PULL
Grasp the victim by the clothing under the
shoulders.
Keep your arms on both sides of the head.
Try to keep the pull straight and in-line as
possible.
SHOULDER PULL
Place the victim on the
blanket by using the
“log roll”.
Wrap the blanket
corners around the
victim.
Keep your back as
straight as possible.
Use your legs, not your
back.
Try to keep the pull as
straight and in-line as
possible.
BLANKET PULL
ONE-MAN CARRY
This technique is for
carrying a victim
longer distances. It is
very difficult to get
the person up to this
position from the
ground. It requires a
very strong rescuer
or an assistant.
The victim is carried
over one shoulder.
FIREFIGHTER CARRY
Place both the victim’s arms
over your shoulders.
Cross the victim’s arms,
grasping the victim’s opposite
wrist.
Pull the arms close to your
chest.
Squat slightly and drive your
hips into the victim while
bending slightly at the waist.
Balance the load on your hips
and support the victim with
your legs.
PACK-STRAP CARRY
Start with the
victim on the
ground.
The concious victim
will stand with
rescuer assistance.
The rescuers place
their hands around
the victim’s waist.
HUMAN
CRUTCH/TWO
PERSON DRAG
Reach under the victim and
grasp one wrist on the
opposite rescuer.
The rescuers on the ends will
only be able to grasp one
wrist on the opposite rescuer.
The rescuers with only one
wrist grasped will use their
free hands to support the
victim’s head and feet/legs.
HAMMOCK CARRY
Each person kneels on
the knee nearest the
victim’s feet.
On the command of the
person at the head, the
rescuers lift the victim
up and rest the victim
on their knees.
THREE-PERSON CARRY
OR STRETCHER LIFT
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
A life saving technique useful in many
emergencies, including a heart attack or
near drowning, in which someone’s
breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
CPR
Automated External Defibrillator
Situations when not to use AED:
The victim is less tha 1 year old
The victims has a hairy chest
The victim is immersed in water
or water is covering the victim’s
chest.
The victim has an implanted
defibrillator or pacemaker.
AED
Is the loss of blood escaping from
the circulatory system.
TYPES:
1. Arterial Bleeding
2. Venous bleeding
3. Capillary bleeding
BLEEDING
A wound where the outer layer of
the skin is intact and the damage
lies below the surface.
SIGNS:
-Tender, swollen, bruised or hard
areas of the body.
-Skin looks pale or bluish.
CLOSED WOUND
Apply an ice pack
Elevate the injured part
Do not assume that all
closed wounds are minor
injuries.
Help the person to rest
FIRST AID
◦TYPES:
1.Abrasions
2.Lacerations
3.Amputation
4.Puncture
OPEN WOUND
Apply direct pressure
Wash the wound with clean water
and anti-bacterial soap
Apply povidine-iodine (PVP-I) or
ointment cream
Cover the wound with a sterile
dressing.
Wash your hands immediately
after giving care.
BANDAGING
WRIST INJURY
SHOULDER INJURY
CHEST INJURY
HAND HORIZONTAL INJURY
HAND VERTICAL INJURY
ARM/ ELBOW INJURY
SCALP INJURY
FOREHEAD INJURY
EAR CHEEK JAW INJURY
INJURIES
SCALP INJURY
FOREHEAD INJURY
EAR CHEEK JAW INJURY
Type:
1. Head Injury
2. Concussion
3. Spinal Injury
HEAD and SPINE
INJURIES
Call the local emergency number.
Minimize movement of the head, neck
and back
Check for life-threatening conditions
Maintain open airways.
Monitor Conciousness and breathing.
Control any external bleeding with
direct pressure unless the bleeding is
located directly over a suspected
fracture.
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
Types: First Aid:
1. Strain R- Rest
2. Sprain I- Immobilize
3. Dislocation C- Cold
4. Fracture E- Elevate
CAUSES:
-An emotionally stressful event
-Pain
-Heart Disease
-Overexertion
-Preganant Women and Elderly
FAINTING
Position the victim on his or her
back
Keep the victim in a lying
position
Loosen any restrictive clothing,
such as tie or buttoned-up collar
Do not give the victim anything
to eat or drink.