 0  4 10 7 N

Or 1.26 x 10 - 6
A2
BIOT-SAVART LAW
- a fundamental quantitative relationship
between an electric current and
the magnetic field it produces, based on
the experiments in 1820 of the French
scientists Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix
Savart.
- equation that describes the magnetic
field created by a current-carrying wire,
and allows you to calculate its strength
at various points.
 VELOCITY VECTOR AND MAGNETIC FIELD
LINES
 When the Velocity Vector and Magnetic Field Lines
Are Perpendicular
- The motion of the charge is a circular movement
 When the Velocity Vector and Magnetic Field Lines
Are Parallel

 The magnetic force acting on a moving charged

particle is the cross product of the velocity vector and
the magnetic field vector, so when these two vectors
are parallel, the magnetic force acting on them is
zero.
When the Velocity Vector and
Magnetic Field Lines Are Neither
Perpendicular nor Parallel
 Helix Pattern
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A point charge q = 1 𝜇C moves in the x direction
with v = 1.0X108 m/s. What is the B field experienced
at point 1.0 x 10-6 m?

*****  0  4 10 7 N
A2

2. A positive point charge q = 3𝜇C has velocity v = 4

x 108 m/s relative to a reference frame. At the instant
when the point charge is at the origin in this
references frame, what is the magnetic field that it
produces at the following points:
a) x=0.50m; y=0; z=0

b) x = 0 ; y = -.50m ; z = 0
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO
B) CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR
RULES FOR FINDING DIRECTION OF B FIELD FROM A CURRENT
FLOWING IN A WIRE

oi
B
2r
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. Let's say you have a wire carrying
a current of 0.1 amps, and you're
asked to calculate the magnetic field
at a distance of 0.5 meters from that
wire.
2. Find the magnetic field produced
by a copper wire carrying a steady
current 120A at a distance of 1.5 m
away.
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO
TWO CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR
FORMULA USED TO CALCULATE
ATTRACTIVE OR REPULSIVE FORCES:

 Wire #2 will experience a magnetic field due to wire

#1 given by:
 MAGNETIC FORCE BETWEEN TWO
PARALLEL CONDUCTORS
 The field B2 due to
the current in wire
2 exerts a force on
wire 1 of
F1 = I1ℓ B2
μo I 2
B2 
2πa
μo I1 I 2
F1 
2πa
PROBLEM:

Two Parallel wires 1 m apart carry

currents of 1 A and 3 A respectively in
opposite directions. A) What is the
magnetic field experienced by the 2nd
wire and b) the force per unit length
acting between two wires.
MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED BY
C) LOOP WIRE
- Electric current in a circular loop creates a magnetic
field which is more concentrated in the center of the
loop than outside the loop.
MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED BY
LOOP WIRE
 Atthe center of the loop, the
magnitude of the magnetic field is
given by:

B =
DIRECTION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD
PRODUCED BY LOOP WIRE
Curl the fingers of your right hand in the
direction of the current around the loop - your
thumb then indicates the direction of the
magnetic field.
SOLENOID
SOLENOID FIELD FROM AMPERE'S LAW
A solenoid is a coil of wire designed to
create a strong magnetic field inside the coil.
By wrapping the same wire many times
around a cylinder, the magnetic field due to
the wires can become quite strong. More
loops will bring about a stronger magnetic
field.
n = N/L is the number of turns per unit length,
sometimes called the "turns density". The
expression is an idealization to an infinite length
solenoid, but provides a good approximation to the
field of a long solenoid.
MAGNETIC FIELD OF SOLENOID
SAMPLE
PROBLEM:

2. A solenoid with length 30 cm, radius 1.2

cm, and 300 turns carries a current of 2.6 A.
Find B at the center?
SEAT WORK: THINK-PAIR-SHARE

1. Loop of wire of radius R = 5 cm and current i = 10 A.

What is B at the center?
2. A long cylindrical solenoid with 200 turns/cm carries a
current of 4.0 amps. The diameter of the solenoid is
0.4 cm and the length is 8.0 cm and the mass of the moon
is 7.35E22 kg. What is the magnetic field inside the
solenoid?
3. How many turns must be in a coil of the same radius as
your magnet bar to produce comparable magnetic field
(.2T)? Assume that the battery can supply current of 5 A.