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NEMATODA DARAH DAN JARINGAN
1. Filaria (7 species)
2. Toxocara cara & cani (visceral larva migrans)
3. Ancylostoma braziliense & caninum (Cutaneus larva
migrans)]
4. Dracunculus medinensis
5. Strongyloides stercoralis (cutaneus larva migran)
Filaria
LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
• Wuchereria bancrofi
• Brugia malayi
• Brugia timor
NON LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
• Loa-loa
• Acanthocheilonema perstans
• Mansonella ozzardi
• Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti
(Filariasis bancrofti)
Inti ekor
absent
Penderita di obati
Kontrol vektor nyamuk, meniadakan perindukkan
nyamuk : menimbun air tergenang, semprot
serangga, menghindari gigitan nyamuk, dll.
Eradikasi vektor
Brugia malayi
Penyakit: Brugiais malayi
Hospes definitif: manusia, kera, lutung, kucing dan
anjing
Habitat: di sistem limfe.
Hospes perantara: Anopheles dan Mansonia
Gejala hampir sama dengan W. bancrofti
Hanya terjadi bengkak kaki biasanya di bawah
lutut. Dapat terjadi limfangitis dan limfadenitis akut
Gejala kronik elephantiasis dibawah lutut
Genetalia tidak terlibat.
Cephalis space= 2:1
Badan kink-kink
Inti badan
overlapping
Inti ekor : 2
Mikrofilaria Brugia malayi
M.f. Brugia malayi
1. Cs= 2:1
2. Ekor inti 2
3. Inti badan bertumpuk,
batas tak jelas
4. Lekuk badan kink-kink
Brugia Timori
Pendahuluan
Geografis ditribusi di Indonesia: (dr. Taniawati Supali,
Dep Par. FK. UI) Lymphatic filariasis
Sumatera dan kalimantan: jenis Brugia malayi.
Jawa, Papua dan Irjabar: jenis W. bancrofti
Maluku Utara, dan Sulawesi: campuran
B. malayi dan W. bancrofti.
Nusa Tenggara Timur diketemukan jenis :
Brugia timori dan W. bancrofti.
Sinar harapan: Kepulauan Sunda Kecil di timur Bali.
Penemuan
Mikrofilaria Brugia timori diketemukan pertama kali oleh
David dan Edeson th 1964 thn 1965 baru di
deskripsikan di ketemukan di Portugis Timor
Crus Ferreira: 1965
Pinhao: 1969
Sri Oemijati dan Partono 1971
Kanda et al: 1975
Kurihara dan Sri Oemijati : 1976
Cacing dewasa oleh Partono, Davit T Dennis
dan Felix Partono: 1977
Hospes Perantara: Anopheles barbirostris
Di Flores: A. barbirostris (Soeroto)
Periodisitas: nokturnal
Morfologi
Secara umum mikrofilaria Brugia timori
lebih mirip dengan mikrofilaria malayi ukuran:
310µ dan badan lebih lebar
Cephalic space: a length-towidth of about 3:1
Nukleus atau inti pada ekor sebaris dan lebih
banyak jumlahnya dibandingkan dengan B. malayi.
Ada 2 inti ekor jelas
Habitat: pada kelenjar limfe daerah inginale atau
kelenjar limfe lain bagian tungkai
Di daerah Sulawesi Selatan banyak terdapat di
daerah Desa Mangkuna, Kabupaten Luwu Timur.
Cephalic-space
sarung
Inti badan
Penyakit:
1. Cacing dewasa dibawah kulit: merupakan
benjolan, disebut Onchocercoma
2. Mikrofilaria: lesi tipe forest di kulit (depigmentasi)
dan tipe savanna di choroid mata kebutaan.
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Larva di jaringan
1 tahun menjadi dewasa
onchocercoma
• The inflammation caused by larvae that die in
the eye results initially in reversible lesions on
the cornea that without treatment progress to
permanent clouding of the cornea, resulting in
blindness. There can also be inflammation of
the optic nerve resulting in vision loss,
particularly peripheral vision, and eventually
blindness.
Loa loa (loiasis)/African eye worm
Loa loa parasites are found in West and
Central Africa.
Travelers are more likely to become infected if
they are in areas where they are bitten by
deerflies for many months, though
occasionally they get infected even if they are
in an affected area for less than 30 days.
• Loiasis is caused by the nematodes
(roundworm) Loa loa that can inhabit the
lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues of
humans.
• The intermediate host flies (chrysops): C.
silacea and C. dimidiata
• It takes about five months for larvae to
become adult worms inside the human body.
Larvae can become adults only inside the
human body. The adult worms live between
layers of connective tissue (e.g., ligaments,
tendons) under the skin and between the thin
layers of tissue that cover muscles (fascia)
• The most common
manifestations of the
disease are Calabar
swellings and eye worm
Dracunculus medinensis
Penyakit: Dracunculiasis, dracontiasis= dracunculosis=guinea worm
infection=medina worm=serpent worm, dragon worm
Cervical alae
59
Telur embryonated
Gejala klinis: demam, malaise, myalgia, hipereosinofilia, hepatosplenomegali, batuk
dan myocarditis, encephalitis , pneumonia
Pada mata:posterior retinal granuloma dan uveitis
Diagnose; ELISA
Western Blot Analysis