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The perfect care for both low and high risk newborn infants
depends on knowledge of the family history , the history of prior
and current pregnancies and the events of labor and delivery .
Neonatal mortality rate : include all infants dying during the period
beginning after birth and continuing up to the first 28 days of life also
it is expressed as number of death per 1000 live births .
Postnatal period : which begins after 28 days of life and extend to the
end of the 1st year of life .
Infant mortality rate : include both the neonatal and the post-neonatal
period and also expressed as number of death per 1000 live birth .
Birth weight :-
Normal birth weight for full term neonate is range from 2500 gm -4500
gm ( some time 4300 gm or 4000 gm accordingly ) .
Low birth weight (L.B.W.) < 2500 gm ( 1500-2500 gm ) .
Very low birth weight (V.L.B.W.) < 1500 gm ( 1000-1500 gm ) .
Extreme low birth weight (E.L.B.W.) < 1000 gm .
Large for gestational weight neonate > 4300 gm or > 4500 gm .
Maturity :-
Mature or term delivery : completed 38 wks from the first day of the last
menstrual period .
Preterm delivery : occurs less than 37 completed wks from the first day of
the last menstrual period
Post –term delivery : delivery occurs 42 wks or more from the
first day of the last menstrual period .
A- General appearance :
1- careful observation is necessary to assess spontaneous
activity , passive muscle tone , respirations , and abnormal signs ,
such as cyanosis , intercostal muscle retractions , or meconium
staining .
2- Apgar score : are a simple , systematic assessments of
intrapartum stress and neurologic depression at birth ,
conducted at 1 and 5 minutes after birth . A persistently very
low Apgar score indicates the need for resuscitation , and
scoring should be continued every 5 minutes until a final score of
7 or more is reached .
Apgar score
Score 0 1 2