ACETAZOLAMIDE

C4H6N4O3S2
Uses:
Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative with diuretic,
antiglaucoma, and anticonvulsant properties
Mech of Action:
Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic
anhydrase (present in kidney and eye), prevents excretion
of hydrogen, leading to increased bicarbonate and
increased urinary volume, which results in an alkaline
diuresis
It reduces the concentration of bicarbonate, resulting in a
decreased synthesis of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby
lowering intraocular pressure - Antiglaucoma
Anticonvulsant mechanism is unknown but some indirect
effect on neural transmission
DICHLORPHENAMIDE
C6H6Cl2N2O4S2
Uses:
Dichlorphenamide is a sulfonamide derivative with diuretic,
antiglaucoma, and anticonvulsant properties
Mech of Action:
Same as Acetazolamide
CHLOROTHIAZIDE
C7H6ClN3O4S2
SYNTHESIS
Uses:
chlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic.

It is used in the treatment of several disorders including

edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and
hypoparathyroidism.

Mech of Action:
It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal
tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and
electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and
magnesium
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
C7H8ClN3O4S2
As Chlorothiazide, but
Uses:
chlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic.
Same as Chlorothiazide

Mech of Action:
As Chlorothiazide
FUROSEMIDE
C12H10ClN2O5S
SYNTHESIS
Uses:
Furosemide is a benzoic-sulfonamide-furan, is a sulfamoyl
anthranilic acid derivative, also known as frusemide.
It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used
for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Mech of Action:
Furosemide is a Loop Diuretic. The physiologic effect
of furosemide is by means of Increased Diuresis at Loop of
Henle.
This agent is highly bound to albumin and is largely
excreted unchanged in the urine.
BUMETANIDE
C17H20N2O5S
Uses:
Bumetanide is a sulfamyl diuretic and anticonvulsant
Mech of Action:
Bumetanide is a potent sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative
belonging to the class of loop diuretics.

In the brain, it prevent seizures in neonates by blocking

the bumetanide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride
transporter, thereby inhibiting chloride uptake thus,
decreasing the internal chloride concentration in neurons
and may block the excitatory effect of GABA in neonates.
ETHACRYNIC ACID
C13H12Cl2O4
Uses:

Ethacrynic Acid is an unsaturated ketone derivative of

aryloxyacetic acid, increases urinary output, and reduction in
extracellular fluid.

Mech of Action:
Ethacrynic acid is a compound that inhibits import of sodium,
potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of
Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules.

This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling

diuretic.
SPIRONOLACTONE
C24H32O4S
Uses:
Spironolactone is a synthetic 17-
spironolactone corticosteroid with potassium-sparing
diuretic, antihypertensive, and antiandrogen activities

Mech of Action:
Inhibits adrenocortical hormone aldosterone activity in the
distal renal tubules, myocardium, and vasculature.
TRIAMTERENE
C12H11N7
SYNTHESIS
Uses:
It is a pteridine derivative with potassium-sparing diuretic
property.

Mech of Action:
It blocks the sodium-potassium exchange pump (Na-K-
ATPase) in distal tubule, collecting tubule and collecting
duct in the kidney.
This reduces the driving force for K+ movement into the
tubular lumen resulting in the inhibition
of sodium reabsorption in exchange for K+ and H+.
AMILORIDE
C6H8ClN7O

3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N-(diaminomethylidene) pyrazine
-2-carboxamide
SYNTHESIS
Uses:
Amiloride is a synthetic pyrazine derivative and is
a Potassium-sparing Diuretic with ANTIKALIURETIC AND
DIURETIC PROPERTIES

Mech of Action:
It inhibits sodium channels located in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts of the kidney,
Thereby preventing the absorption of sodium and
increasing its excretion along with water.
MANNITOL
C6H14O6

Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Uses:
Mannitol is an Osmotic Diuretic.
Mech of Action:
It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and poorly reabsorbed
from the renal tubule
Causing an increase in osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
And limits tubular reabsorption of water and other solutes,
thereby promoting diuresis.

In addition, mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity,

resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues into
interstitial fluid and plasma.