MAXIMS IN CO-OPERATIVE PRINCIPLES

Presented by : 4 group

Agustin Wahyu Fatmawati NIM.1688203002

M. Luthfi NIM.1688203019
Nurfitriana Azar NIM.1688203023
Wahyu Erna Dewi NIM.1688203032
Supriyanto NIM.1688203029
 Preface

A basic underlying assumption that people make when

they speak to one another is that they are trying to cooperate with
one another to construct meaningful conversations. This
assumption is known as the Cooperative Principle. (Grice : 1975)
Dynel (2009) also affirmed that cooperative principle is
proposed as a tacit mutual agreement. On the other words, the
conversation could be understood as an intended meaning; the
real meaning of a speaker to make the conversation runs
smoothly.
As stated before, the cooperative principle in four sub-
principles that must be adhered to by the participants in
interacting in an effort to smooth the course of the
communication process called maxims. (Grice : 1975)
 MAXIMS IN CO-OPERATIVE PRINCIPLES

Maxim of
quantity

Maxim of quality
1. The Four
Conversational Maxim of
Maxims relation
Maxim of
manner

Flouting Maxim
of quantity
Flouting Maxim
of quality
2. Flouting
Flouting Maxim
Maxim of relation
Flouting Maxim
of manner
 The Four Conversational Maxims

1. Maxim of quantity

Grundy (1995) stated that maxim of quantity is a sub-principle that

the speaker makes his/ her contribution as informative as is required
for the current purposes of the exchange.
Here is an example maxim of quantity:
Mother : Where are you going?
Son : I’m going to Jason’s
party, Mom.
 The Four Conversational Maxims

2. Maxim of quality

Grundy (1995) stated that maxim of quality is a sub-principle that the speaker try
to make the contribution one that is true, specifically the speaker does not say
what he/ she believes to be false and the speaker does not say that for which he/
she lack adequate evidence.

For example:

Dini : As far as I know, they are married.

 The Four Conversational Maxims

3. Maxim of relation

Grundy (1995) stated that maxim of relation is a sub-principle that

the speaker makes his/ her contributions relevant. In a conversation,
the speaker says things that are pertinent to the discussion.

For example:
Reno : I love Bali.
Tini : Yup. Bali is beautiful.
 The Four Conversational Maxims

4. Maxim of manner

Grundy (1995) stated that maxim of manner is a sub-principle that the

speaker makes his/her contribution is perspicuous. In a conversation, the
speaker tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one
says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity.

For example:
Hans : Where are the car keys?
Agnes : They are on the table in my room.
 Flouting Maxim

D According to Levinson (1983) flouting

e maxim comes about by overtly and blatantly not
f following some maxim, in order to exploit it for
i communicative purpose.
n
This idea is supported by Thomas (1995).
i
He said that flouting maxim is the situation when
t a speaker blatantly fails to observe a maxim in
i order to lead the hearer to look for implied
o meaning.
n
 Flouting Maxim

1. Flouting Maxim of quantity

Thomas (1996) stated that a speaker flouts the maxim of quantity by

blatantly giving more or less information than the listener needs. In
some conversations, the speaker gives more information in order to
give good response to the listener.

For example:
Nick : Did you know Reza Ahmad?
Ricky : Yeah.. The new student who was
wining mathematic competition this
week, did not he?
 Flouting Maxim

2. Flouting Maxim of quality

Thomas (1996) argued that “the speaker does not appear to be

trying to deceive the listener in any way, so the listener was
forced to look for another plausible interpretation” (p. 67

For example:
Mark : ‘Great, that’s really great! That’s
made my Christmas!’
 Flouting Maxim

3. Flouting Maxim of relation

Thomas (1996) stated that “the maxim of relation is exploited by

making a response or observation which is very obviously irrelevant
to the topic in hand” (p.70). So, the speaker flouts the maxim of
relation if his contribution is not relevant.

For example:
John: Do you have your motorcycle
with you?
Mary: I use MRT today.
 Flouting Maxim

4. Flouting Maxim of manner

According to Thomas (1996), A speaker flouts the maxim of

manner if contribution is not perspicuous it may be obscure,
ambiguous and disorderly.

For example:
Father : Any news about the
TOEFL results?
Daughter : Ice-cream anyone?
 References

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and semantics. 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press. pp. 41–58
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. Where Grice introduces his
maxims.
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: Long man