SPIRITUAL SELF

-is the most intimate, inner subjective part of self because

of the satisfaction experienced when thinking of one’s
ability to argue and discriminate, of one’s moral sensibility
and conscience, and of our unconquerable will is purer
than all other sentiments of satisfaction.
 RELIGION RITUAL

• Is a set of cultural beliefs and

practices that usually includes
some or all of basic
characteristics like:
• Is the performance of ceremonial
1. A belief in anthropomorphic acts prescribed by a tradition or
supernatural being such as sacred law
spirit and gods
• Is a specific, observable mode of
2. A focus on the sacred behavior exhibited by all societies
supernatural, where sacred
refers to a feeling of
reverence and awe
 BUDDHISM

• Believes that life is
not a bed of roses
• Believes in non-
violence principles
• VIPASSANA- practices aim
• CUSTOM AND
PRACTICES
• SAMATHA- practice of
mindfulness of breathing
and development of loving
kindness (Metta Bhavana)
at developing insight at
reality
 CHRISTIANITY

• Christians believe in Trinitarian God. One God in

three personas: God the Father (Creator), God the
Son (Savior) and God the Holy Spirit (Sustainer).
Eternal life after death will be achieved through faith
in Jesus Christ; He is God the Son who become into
flesh, to spread the good news of salvation, he died on
the cross for the sin of humanity but resurrected from
the death so that anyone who believes in Him will be
save and have eternal life.
 COSTUMS AND PRACTICES

• Sacrament of Baptism and Sacrament of

Communion are practiced by the Christian church.
• Sacrament of Baptism symbolizes the birth in
Christian world.
• Sacrament of Communion is an act of remembrance
of Jesus Christ’s sacrificial love.
 TWO MAJOR CELEBRATIONS IN
CHRISTIANITY

• Christmas- usually on December 25 which

commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ.
• Resurrection Sunday- celebrates the
resurrection of Jesus Christ from death.
 ISLAM

• Muslims believe in Allah, who is their “one God”.

They believe in unity and universality of God. Muslim
also have a strong sense of community or “Ummah”
and an awareness of their solidarity with all Muslim
worldwide. Islam means “willing submission to God.”
 CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES

• Muslim believes in five pillars of Islam which are the

foundation of Muslim life.
1.Shahadah- statement of faith, “There is no God but
the one true God and Mohammed is his
messenger.”
2.Salat- The prayer that is practiced 5 times a day.
3.Zakat- The monetary offering and the benefit of
the poor. It comprises the 2.5% of the Muslim’s
asset.
4. Hajj- the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslim who
can afford are asked to do the pilgrimage at least
one in their lifetime.
5. Sawm- The fasting; Muslim do fasting from food,
drink and sexual act, during the celebration of
Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month of the
Islamic lunar calendar.The fasting is from dawn to
sunset.
 MAJOR FESTIVALS IN ISLAM

1.EIDUL-FITR- celebration at the end of the

Ramadan.
2.EIDUL-ADHA- celebrated within the
completion of the pilgrimage- the Hajj.
 HINDUISM

• A religion that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

• Founder of Hinduism is Abraham
• Vedas are sacred scriptures of Hindus
• Mahabharata and Ramayana are two other important texts
of the Hindus
• It is the third largest religion in the world
• Their deities are POLYTHEISTIC
 THE CASTE SYSTEM

• The traditional social structure that closely follows Hindu

principles of Karma and Samsava.
• The word “CASTE” is not Indian in origin but it is actually
PORTUGUESE, which means “CHASTE” or “PURE”
 FOUR MAIN SATIS IN DIFFERENT
VARNAS

1.Brahmans- highest caste (priest and scholars)

2.Kshatriyas- soldiers and worker
3.Vaishayas- merchants and professionals
4.Shudras- laborers and servants
 PUJA

• The most common way to express worship for deities

• It consists of offering mostly material goods and ritual
acts to the altar of a god or goddess
 BELIEFS

• Reincarnation- souls reborn into another form

• Ahimsa- moral principle of non-violence
• Karma- all actions of a persons life that affect his/her
fate in the next life
• Dharma- religious and moral duties of an individual.
 CORE BELIEFS OF HINDU

• Truth is eternal
• Abraham is TRUTH and REALITY
 CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES

• Diwali- Festival of lights

• Navrati- festival of nine nights, which celebrate
the triumph of good over evil.
 JUDAISM

• The Jews believe in the God of Abraham, the same God

that liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Canaan,
the Promised Land through the leadership of Moses and
later, Joshua.
• They believe in the coming of Messiah, the Savior.The
sacred scripture of the Jews is called Torah or the Law.
The Torah is the guide of the Jewish living.
 CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES

• These are the five major festivals observed by the Jews:

1.Rosh Hashanah- the New Year
2.Yom Kippur- the Day of Atonement
3.Pesach- Passover
4.Shavuot- Pentecost
5.Sukkot- Tabernacles.The Jewish Sabbath begins on
Friday evening at sunset and is an important time when
families gather for the Shabbat meal.
Religious beliefs, rituals, and customs are all part
of the expression of the spiritual self. What to
believe and how to manifest the belief is entirely
dependent on the individual, to the self. A person
might believe that there is a higher being, a
supernatural being, usually termed as God, but
not necessarily wants to affiliated or identified
with a certain religious group. Others may have
religious practices which are perceived to be
contrary to the practices of other groups.
Religious beliefs and practices, therefore, are
formed relative to its context and culture.
 FINDING AND CREATING THE
MEANING OF LIFE
• Logotherapy is a psychotherapy introduced by Dr.Viktor
Frankl, who is considered the Father of Logotherapy.
• Its main belief is that “man’s primary motivational force is
search for meaning.”
• It aids individuals to find personal meaning of life, whatever
life situation they may be.
• In logotherapy, meaning can be discovered by creating a
work or doing a deed, experiencing something or
encountering someone and the attitude toward unavoidable
suffering.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
FRANKLIAN PSYCHOLOGY

• Life has meaning under all circumstances.

• Main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.
• Freedom to find meaning.
Furthermore, it also aims to:
• Become aware of spiritual resources
• Make conscious spiritual resources
• Use “defiant power of the human spirit” and stand up
against adversity
 LOGOTHERAPHY ASSUMPTIONS

1.The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind, and

spirit.
2.Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most
miserable.
3.People have a will to meaning.
4.People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the
will to find meaning.
5.Life has a demand quality to which people must respond if
decisions are to be meaningful.
6.The individual is unique.
FRANKL’S SOURCES OF MEANING

1.Purposeful work
2.Courage in the Face of Difficulty
3.Love
THANK YOU