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INTRODUCTION

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,


recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials.

The two conventional principles of waste management wer


e: ‘Dilute and disperse’ or ‘concentrate and contain’.

The main necessity of waste management is to enrich the re


sources which are being depleted due to rising population a
nd increasing consumption rates.
HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE

Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human health, chil


dren being more vulnerable to these pollutants.

Improperly operated incineration plants cause air pollutio


n and improperly managed and designed landfills attract a
ll types of insects and rodents that spread disease.

Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic diseases wi


th the waste workers and the rag pickers being the most vu
lnerable.
STRUCTURE OF MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE
MSW

Refuse Trash

Bulky wastes (TV, refrigerators goods,


Broken furniture, etc.)

Garbage Rubbish

Putrescible matter non-degradable (glass, rubber,


Metals, plastics non-metal set)

Vegetables, Meats, food


Wastes and other readily
Degradable organic wastes slowly degradable (paper, wood
Products, textiles etc.)
HIERARCHY OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE M
ANAGEMENT
Segregation at source MSW waste minimization

Waste collection from source to segregation centers

Waste segregation into degradable to non- degradable

Non degradable wastes organic waste size reduction

Recycling plant aerobic composting

Agricultural land, gardens etc


WASTE MINIMISATION

Prevention of waste being created is known as waste reduct


ion which is an important method of waste management.

The modern concepts based on the three ‘R’s are: Reduce,


Reuse and Recycle.

Methods of avoidance include reuse of second hand produc


ts, designing products to be refillable or reusable, repairing
broken items instead of buying new etc.
HIERARCHY OF
WASTE MINIMIZATION
PROCESSES CARRIED OUT DURING THE SOLI
D WASTE MANAGEMENT

Integrated solid waste management through the following


processes can provide a better reliable solution for the pro
blem of municipal solid waste generation.

 WASTE COLLECTION
 SEGREGATION
 RECYCLING
 SHREDDING OR PULVERIZING
 COMPOSTING
WASTE COLLECTION

 From individual houses, wastes can be collected in person


with the help of vehicle.

 To minimize the time and cost involved in collecting waste


through vehicles, public can be given instruction to dump t
heir house wastes in one place (nearby their street).
SEGREGATION

Segregation of wastes into degradable and non-degradable


wastes is to be done to recover or divert non-degradable w
astes (electric items, plastics, tyres etc.) and degradable ite
ms (wood, textiles etc.) to its recycling plant and if possible,
it can be reused.

It is a tedious process which therefore needs labour. Magn


ets can also be used to segregate ferrous metals.

This process will help in reducing the amounts of waste goi


ng for composting and also earns money (through selling w
astes to recycling plant.
RECYCLING

The non-degradable and degradable wastes can be recycle


d very economically in the recycling
plants.

Apart from sending wastes to recycling plant, recycling of s


ome organic waste is possible.

Some of the waste recycling techniques are: Fly ash, Organ


ic wastes, Slag and scrap, Industrial gases, Waste wate
rs, Recovery of silver from photographic films.
SHREDDING OR PULVERIZING

 This process involves in size reduction of organic wastes be


fore it goes for composting.

 This process reduces the overall volume by 40%.

ADVANTAGES:
 It will increase surface area availability for bacterial activit
y (decomposition).
 Facilitates easy handling of moisture content and aeration.
COMPOSTING

Aerobic composting is one of the cheapest and easiest meth


ods that are being available for MSW.

Generally, composting can be carried out in three techniqu


es. They are
i) windrow composting
ii) Aerated static pile method
iii) In vessel method
CASE STUDY

According to the ABS, the recycling rate is high and is incr


easing with 99% of households (2003 survey), up from85
% in 1992. This suggests that Australians are in favour of r
educed or no landfilling and the recycling of waste.

In Taipei, the city government charges the waste by which


the amount of the waste produced is reduced.

In Canadian urban centres, curbside collection is the most


common method of disposal, whereby the city collects the
waste and is then transported to a regional landfill.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
ACHIEVED

First and foremost, the surroundings become very clean.

Air pollution resulting from the burning of the waste has b


een eliminated completely.

The use of chemical fertilizers has been stopped in the nurs


eries, instead of which organic manure is being used.

Income from the sale of manure and recyclable waste have


crossed 2 lakhs.
CONCLUSION

The technique of Integrated Solid Waste management (IS


WM) can be practiced with short term training about the f
undamentals involved by the public.

The cost involved in establishing this technique is very che


ap and it is easy to install and maintain the process.

As it is very effective in managing the solid waste, it will pr


ovide a better solution when implemented.

Thus, ISWM can be readily adopted for solid waste proble


m at municipal level.

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