LUBRICATION

and
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Specific learning objectives
-At the end of the session the student will be
able:
1. to understand the properties and
characteristics of a lubricant
2. to select proper lubricating oil for a
specific engine component.
3. to understand the importance of
lubrication in an engine.
4. to specify the different type of
lubrication system involve in an engine.
5. to identify the parts and function involve in
the lubrication system.
LUBRICANT - a substance capable of reducing friction,
heat, and wear when introduce as a film
between moving solid surfaces.

Sliding contact Rolling contact

Type of lubricant used in diesel engine

• Oil
• grease
 Types of oil used in diesel engines.

• Petroleum oils
• Synthetic oils/blended oils
Petroleum oils
- are oil that came from crude oil.
(hydrocarbon)

Synthetic oils/blended oils

- are oil that came from crude oil but

this oil are re-processed to enhance it
properties and characteristics.
(hydrocarbon + additives)
 Characteristics of lubricating oil

Viscosity - measure of internal friction of the fluid.

- thickness of fluid.
- the property of resistance to flow in a fluid.
Viscosity index- is a number which is an indication of the
tendency of an oil to thin under heat and to
thicken on chilling.
Pour point - the lowest temperature at which oil will start
to flow.
Flash point - is the temperature at which inflammable vapor
are given off.
Fire point - the temperature at which oil will continue to
burn when ignited.
Demulsibility- the ability of oil to separate from water.
 Selection of Lubricating Oil
SAE 20/40 (SF/CG)

SAE - society of automotive engineer

20/40 - viscosity of the lubricating oil
S - stands for gasoline engine
C - stands for diesel engine
F&G - stands for the quality of the lubricating
oil

A B C D E F G H I J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Note: As the letter or number is increasing the
quality is also increasing)
Types of grease
• Soft grease
• Medium grease
• Heavy grease
 Characteristics of grease
Viscosity - measure of internal friction of the fluid.
- thickness of fluid.
- the property of resistance to flow in a fluid.
Viscosity index- is a number which is an indication of the
tendency of an oil to thin under heat and to
thicken on chilling.
Pour point - the lowest temperature at which oil will start to
flow.
Flash point - is the temperature at which inflammable vapor are
given off.
Fire point- the temperature at which oil will continue to burn
when ignited.
Demulsibility- the ability of oil to separate from water.
 Selection of grease
SEA 120 class A

SEA - society of automotive engineer

120 - viscosity
class A - soft grease
class B - mid grease
class C - heavy grease
 Lubrication – is the process of applying
lubricant.

Types of lubrication in a diesel engine

forced lubrication –is a type of lubrication from which a pump is

used to force the oil to penetrate between two
moving surfaces.

splash lubrication –is a type of lubrication which is accomplished

due to the movement of the crankshaft.
PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION IN A DIESEL ENGINE
Reduce friction

Cooling

Sealing

Cleaning
Oil passages
Used to separate solid
materials from the lubricating
oil
next
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Cylinder Lubrication
Daily inspection

- sump oil level

- electronically measured
temperatures and
pressures in the lube. oil
system.
- all thermometers and
manometers
Taking samples the following
data are important:
1. installation name
2. engine number
3. engine operating hour
4. number of hours the oil
has been in use.
5. where the sample was
taken.
6. oil brand and type.
7. type of fuel used.