Process of reducing and maintaining the

temp of a system below the temp of

surroundings.

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 REFRIGERATION
It is the process of using a volatile fluid
(Refrigerant) to absorb heat from a lower
temperature place, raising the fluid's
pressure and temperature so it can be
rejected to a higher temperature place.

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 REFRIGERATION
 Capacity of a refrigerating system is termed as
TR (Tonnes of Refrigeration).
 1 TR is the amount of heat required to remove
from 1000 kg of water at 00C to produce 1000 kg
of ice at 00C in 24 hours.
 Efficiency of a refrigerating system is
represented as COP (Coefficient Of
Performance).
 COP is the ratio of Refrigerating effect to the
heat input.
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 Refrigeration cycle :
 Refrigeration process follows Bell-collemen cycle
(reverse joule cycle).

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Refrigerator Components :
4 Components

 Compressor.
 Condenser.
 Expansion valve (Metering
Device).
 Evaporator.

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 Refrigerator Components :

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Refrigerant Lines :
 Suction Line : largest ; connects evaporator &
compressor.
 Hot gas Line : b/w compressor & condensor.
 Liquid Lines : smallest ; b/w condensor &
metering device.
 Metering device is very near to the evaporator.

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system accessories :
 System Protectors :
 Filter-driers : filter out refrigerant both solid
contaminants such as metal filings, flux and dirt,
and soluble contaminants such as acids, water,
resins, etc.
 Moisture-liquid indicator : before the metering
device to prevent the entering of moisture.
 Muffler : reduce pulsation (to reduce noise and
vibration ).

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system accessories :
 Storage devices :

 Accumulators : B/W evaporator and condensor.

 Receivers : B/W condensor and metering device.

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system accessories :

 Performance Devices :

 Desuperheaters.
 Subcoolers.
 Economizer.

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system accessories :
 Valves :
 Hand valves : For service.
 Solenoid valves : Flow control.
 Check valves : Flow in one direction.
 Relief valves : Protect system from
excessive pressure.

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system accessories :
 Temperature & Pressure controls :

 Pressure switches : High pressure

protection on compressor discharge &
Low pressure protection on the suction.
 Temperature switches : Protect from
excessive superheat on the hot gas line
and froast in the evapotaror.

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 Refrigerants :
Its the volatile liquid circulates through the Refrigeration
system.
Characteristics of a good Refrigerant are Safe, Efficient,
Stable, Cost effective, & Compatible.

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Refrigerant Selection :
Refrigerants are of different categories.

 Halo carbon refrigerants.

 Inorganic refrigerants.
 Hydrocarbon refrigerants.
 Cryogenic fluids.
 Absorption Solutions.

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 Refrigerant :
2 Types :
Primary Refrigerant
Secondary Refrigerant

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Refrigerant Selection :
The table below shows different types of refrigerants.
 CFC
 Ammonia
 Water/steam
 CO2

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LOW PRESSURE AND LOW TEMPERATURE

LOW PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE

HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE

HIGH PRESSURE AND LOW TEMPERATURE

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