Binomial Distribution

By: BL
Learning Objectives
• At the end of the two-hour lecture, the
students shall be able to:
1. define the binomial probability distribution
2. define a binomial experiment
3. compute problems related to the binomial
experiment
 Definition
A binomial experiment is one that possess the following
properties:
1. The experiment consists of n identical trials.
2. Each trial results in one of two outcomes. For a lack of
better nomenclature we will call one outcome as a
success, S, and the other failure, F.
3. The probability of a success on a single trial is equal to p
and remains the same from trial to trial. The probability of
a failure is equal to (1-p) =q.
4. The trials are independent.
5. The random variable of interest is Y, the number of
successes observed during the n trials.
Illustration
• A typical sample would appear like this (5 trials):

S F F S S

First trial Last trial

Rearrange

S S S F F

y n-y
Hence the probability is…

S S S F F

p . p . p . q . q =
y
p q
n-y

y n-y
 Combination
SSSFF n!
FSSSF =
SFSSF y!(n-y)!
SSFSF 10 combinations!
FFSSS
FSFSS
FSSFS n taken y times
FSSSF
SFFSS
SFSFS
n n!
=
y y!(n-y)!
5! 5x4x3x2x1 120
= = = = 10
3! 2! 3x2x1x2x1 12
5x4x3x2! 60
= = = 10
3x2x1 x2! 6
5x4x 3! 20
= = = 10
3! x2x1 2
Now, bring out your scientific calculator!
Locate nCr
This corresponds to your nCy

Instruction
1. Press <5>
2. Press <shift> <nCr>
3. Press <3>
Answer is 10
Therefore, the Binomial Probability
Distribution is…

p(y) = py qn-y , y= 0, 1, 2, . . ., n
Example 1.
• Experience has shown that 30 percent of all
persons afflicted by a certain illness recover.
A drug company has developed a new
vaccine. Ten people with the illness were
selected at random and injected with the
vaccine; nine recovered shortly thereafter.
Suppose that the vaccine was absolutely
worthless. What is the probability that
exactly nine of ten injected by the vaccine
will recover?
Solution
Given: p(y)= py qn-y , y= 0, 1, 2, . . ., n

n = 10
y=9 p(y=9) = .39 .71
p = .3
q = .7 p(y=9) = 10 x 0.00019683 x 0.7
p(y=9) = 0.000137781
Example 2.
• Experience has shown that 30 percent of all
persons afflicted by a certain illness recover.
A drug company has developed a new
vaccine. Ten people with the illness were
selected at random and injected with the
vaccine; nine recovered shortly thereafter.
Suppose that the vaccine was absolutely
worthless. What is the probability that
exactly ten injected by the vaccine will
recover?
Solution
Given: p(y)= py qn-y , y= 0, 1, 2, . . ., n

n = 10
y = 10 p(y=10) = .310 .70
p = .3
q = .7 p(y=10) = 1 x 0.0000059049 x 1
p(y=10) = 0.0000059049
Example 3.
• Experience has shown that 30 percent of all
persons afflicted by a certain illness recover.
A drug company has developed a new
vaccine. Ten people with the illness were
selected at random and injected with the
vaccine; nine recovered shortly thereafter.
Suppose that the vaccine was absolutely
worthless. What is the probability that at
least 9 of 10 injected by the vaccine will
recover?
Solution

p(y≥9) = p(y=9) + p(y=10) = 0.0001436859

The event is at least 9 of 10 will recover
Additive rule of probability
p(S) = 1
Formula

10

p(y≥9) =  0.3y 0.710-y

y=9
Example 4.
• Experience has shown that 30 percent of all
persons afflicted by a certain illness recover.
A drug company has developed a new
vaccine. Ten people with the illness were
selected at random and injected with the
vaccine; nine recovered shortly thereafter.
Suppose that the vaccine was absolutely
worthless. What is the probability that at
least 2 of 10 injected by the vaccine will
recover?
Solution

p(≥2) = p(y=2) + p(y=3) + ... + p(y=10)

p(≥2) = 1 - [ p(y=0) + p(y=1) ]

p(S) = 1

At least 2 will recover

Formula

1
p(y≥2) = 1-  0.3y 0.710-y = 0.85069
y=0

p(y=0) = 0.30 0.710 = 0.0282475

p(y=1) = 0.31 0.79 = 0.1210608

p(y≥2) = 1- ( 0.0282475 + 0.1210608 )

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Questions???
Thank you!!!