COMPONENTS FOR CLIMATE

Definition of the “climate system”

• Climate System: “The climate system is the highly

complex system consisting of five major components:
the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere
and the biosphere, and the interactions between
them. The climate system evolves in time under the
influence of its own internal dynamics and because
of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar
variations and anthropogenic forcings such as the
changing composition of the atmosphere and land
use change.”
 Components of Climate

4 main components

•Atmosphere : layers of gases

•Hydrosphere : all water, salt, fresh & frozen

•Lithosphere : rocks and the Earth’s crust

•Biosphere : Living Things(plants, animals, algae and

bacteria)
 The Atmosphere
Contents / Description
Layer Height
above
the Earth
Tropospher 6-20 km 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% others
Traps solar energy to warm the Earth
All of our weather occurs here.
Stratosphere 50 km Majority of ozone O3, absorbs high
energy UV light – preventing it from
reaching Earth
Aiplanes and weather balloons
Mesosphere 85 km Low density gases, meteors burn uo here

Thermosphere 690 km Very low density gases internatiinal Space

Station
The Hydrosphere
 Large Bodies of water

water Water absorbs and store more thermal energy

than land

Water heats up and cools down slower than land

Regions close to large bodies of water are cooler in the

summer and warmer in the fall/winter
 Lake effect

 Regions downwind from large bodies of water

experience “lake effect snow” ex: Biffalo, NY
 Ice & Snow

 Reflect more radiant

energy than soil, rock or
vegetation

 Contributes to why polar

regions are so cold , because
the surface reflects so much
of the Sun’s energy.
 Lithosphere

 As air rises it becomes less

dense (less air pressure)

Aie particles spread apart

and cool
Rain shadow effects
 Biosphere
 Natural processes by living things release gasses
into the atmosphere

 Gases absorb infrared radiation.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plants take in CO 2 and release O2

RESPIRATION
Animals take in O2 and release CO2

DIGESTION & DECOMPOSITION

Animals (and bacteria) release methane (CH 4)

THE END
SUBMMITED BY :-

NAME : S.INDRAJA
PIN NO : 16181-AA-035
SUBJECT : CLIMATOLOGY
SEMESTER : 3 rd SEM
COLLEGE : JNIAS