A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

MAGNUSIUM ALLOY WIRES

Presented by: Guide:

K THARUNKUMAR NAIDU DR.S RAGU NATHAN (Ph.d)
 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

• To improve the corrosion resistance of MAO treated Mg alloy wires,

carbon (C) nanoparticles were added to the silicate electrolyte to fabricate
C-containing composite coatings .
• Magnesium and its alloys are the most interesting of the identified
candidates for degradable metallic materials.
• Mg and Mg alloys possess high yield strengths and low elastic moduli ,
close to that of natural bone.
• The application of Mg alloys in clinical practice is critically challenged by
their rapid corrosion rates and insufficient mechanical properties.
• In order to prevent this limitation we went to composite coatings.
• Alloying is one potential solution and has been extensively studied in
recent years. surface treatment using surface modification process such as
ion implantation and MAO.
• MAO method has been widely used because of its low cost and
environmentally friendly characteristics.
• MAO-produced coatings are generally composed of one loose outer layer
with many micro cracks and micro holes which allows the permeation of
water molecules or chlorine ions and further deteriorates corrosion
resistance. hence further improvement required.
• Adding hydroxyapatite (HA) particles to produce a bio-composite coatings
during MAO treatment.
• Adding zirconia nanoparticles to an electrolyte improves the corrosion
resistance of ceramic composite coatings due to the introduction of ZrO2
phase.
• When Mg alloys are prepared as wires surface treatments may have
important effects on performance.
 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

• Mg alloy wires:
• commercially available Mg-Al-Zn-Ce casted ingots were used to prepare
Mg alloy wires.
• Chemical composition of the Mg alloy ingots (wt.%).
• Alloy Al Zn Ce Mn Si Mg
• Mg –Al –Zn –Ce 2.74 0.93 0.7 0.36 0.03 Bal.
• These chemical compositions were directly read through spectrometer.
• These ingots were further extruded into wires at 450 °C by hot extrusion
molding in a vaccum hot pressing furnace.
• The Mg alloy wires prepared for further MAO treatment were 0.5 mm in
diameter.
• MAO surface treatment of Mg alloy wires:
• The extruded wires are cut into small lengths and washed for 20min in an
ultrasonic bath with acetone, ethanol and de-ionized water, respectively,
then dried in an room temperature.
• Electrolyte compositions used in the MAO process.
 Examination of degradation behavior

• 1-Static immersion test:

• To evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coatings in aggressive
environments, in vitro corrosion tests were performed on coated wires ,
MAO-C free coated wires and then MAO-C coated wires using a static
immersion test method in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution maintained at 37 ±0.5°C
by a thermostatic water bath.
• The solution was replenished every 10h.3 samples were studied to obtain
average weight loss value. At specified immersion times (100 h, 30 days
and 60 days), specimens were removed from the solution.
• The samples were rinsed with deionized water and air-dried overnight for
subsequent weight measurements and surface morphology observations.
• 2-Dynamic degradation test:
•After the tests were completed,
the wire specimens were
removed, rinsed with distilled
water and ethanol, and air-
dried.

•Changes in the surface

morphologies of the specimens
were characterized by SEM. The
corrosion rate was deter-mined
by the weight loss method.

• CR =m/St
 Results
• Surface microstructures of uncoated wires and MAO treated wires:

• Most intermetallics (Mg17Al12)

that occurred in the casted ingots
were dissolved into the matrix,
and dynamic recrystallization
occurred after heat extrusion.

• The average grain size of the

uncoated wires was
approximately 15.8 μm.
. • The surfaces of the
MAO-C-free coated wire
appeared rough,
however the surfaces of
the MAO-C coated wire
were flat with few
microcracks , as
observed in Fig. b and c.
• The size of the pores on
the MAO-C coated
surface is smaller than
the pore size on the
MAO-C-free coated
surface.
• This may suggest that
the addition of C
nanoparticles into the
electrolyte increases the
microstructure density
of the coating.
• Corrosion behavior in static immersion tests:

The corrosion rates as functions of immersion time during static immersion

tests, (a) uncoated wire, (b) MAO-C-free coated wire and (c) MAO-C coated
wire.
 • Comparison of the surface morphologies after 100 h static immersion tests of (a) an
uncoated wire, (b) a MAO-C-free coated wire and (c) a MAO-C coated wire.

• Corrosion morphologies of (a) a MAO-C-free coated wire and (b) a MAO-C coated wire after
different durations of immersion.
• Corrosion behavior in dynamic immersion tests:

• The test results indicated

that the uncoated wire
broke after 3 days of
immersion.
• The corrosion rates
observed during the
dynamic immersion tests
were much higher than
those observed during
static immersion tests.
• the corrosion rates of
the MAO-treated Mg
wires decreased with
increased durations of
The corrosion rates as a function of immersion time during dynamic immersion.
immersion of MAO-treated wires coated with (a) MAO-C-free coating
and (b) MAO-C coating.
• Comparisons of tensile strength

(a) an uncoated wire, (b) MAO-treated wires (A) a MAO-C-free coated wire and (B) a
MAO-C coated wire after different durations of immersion during dynamic immersion
tests.
 conclusions

• This study demonstrates an approach to improving the corrosion

resistance of Mg alloy wires by using an MAO process with a silicate
electrolyte containing C nanoparticles.
• The MAO-treated Mg alloy wire surface layers were mainly composed of
MgO and Mg2SiO4 phases and demonstrated porous morphologies.
• the MAO-C coated wire retained a tensile strength of 180 Mpa after 50
day dynamic immersion and demonstrated better corrosion resistance
than the MAO-C-free coated wire.
• This study provides an interesting view that the addition of carbon
nanoparticles to MAO composite coatings may create a potential
biomedical material for future clinical applications.
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