POWER SYSTEM-I

P R E S E N TAT I O N
ON
THERMAL POWER PLANT

BY
B . S H I VA S H A N K A R
A S S T. P R O F E S S O R
E E E D E P T- V I T S
 CONTENTS
2

 Introduction of thermal power plants

 Power plant layout
 Thermal power plant components
 Thermal power plants in telangana state
 Introduction
3

A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into

electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts
water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces
mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the
turbine. Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the
generation of Power for any country . Thermal Power Plants
constitute 65-70% of the total installed capacity power generation
in India . In thermal generating stations coal,
oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources of energy
 Types of coal
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based on calorific value available coal is classified into

following types

1. Peat………………..Lowest grade of coal form

2. Lignite
3. Bituminous
i) Semi Bituminous…Most used coal in TPS
ii) sub bituminous
4. Anthracite…………Highest grade of coal form
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Industrial view of thermal plant
6
Diagram of coal fired thermal plant
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 Thermal power plant Components
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 Coal & Ash handling plant
 Boiler
 Super heater
 Economizer
 Air preheater
 Draught fans
 Turbine
 Alternator
 Condenser
 Feed water circuit and cooling tower
 Coal handling plant
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 Coal in stored in coal storage house by good road and rail

connectivity
 Coal is transferred to coal handling plant by trucks and rope
ways where is crushed into small pieces
 1MW of thermal plant may require about 10-15 tons of coal per
day
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 After combustion of coal in the boiler it produces waste called

as Ash

 Ash percentage is 15-20% of coal fired

 It should not be dispose to public areas so it stored and used for

other industrial purpose
like cement industry
BOILER
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 BOILER
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1. A boiler or steam generator is a closed vessel in which water

under pressure, is converted into steam.

2. It is one of the major components of a thermal power plant

Always designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in
the process of combustion

Boilers are of two types-

Fire tube boiler
Water tube boiler
Fire tube boiler Water tube boiler
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 Super heater
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 Super heater is a device which raises the temperature of the

steam much above the boiling point of water by make use flue
gasses from boiler

 It increases the efficiency of plant

 Super heater is made up of group of tubes.it is two

1. radiant type
2.convection type
Economizer
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 Economizer heats the feed water on its way to boiler

by using heat from the flue gasses
 Economizer increases the boiler efficiency
Air preheater
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 The air preheater extract heat from flue gasses and

give it to the air being supplied to furnace for coal
combustion.
 It increase in higher furnace temperature and
efficiency of the plant.
 Based on method of heat transfer it is of two types
1. Recuperative
2. Regenerative
 Steam turbines
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 Steam turbine converts steam energy into

mechanical energy
 These are two types
1. Impulse
2. Reaction
Reaction turbine Impulse turbine
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 Condenser
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 Exhausted low pressure steam is fed to condenser

where it is condensate to below boiling water
temperature.
 The condensated steam in the condenser will be used
as feed water to the boiler.
 There are two types of condensers
1. Jet type
2. Surface type.
 ALTERNATORS
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 The alternators directly coupled to the steam

turbines called turbo alternators and those coupled
to the water turbines are known as water wheel
alternators.
 Steam turbine + alternator…….turbo alternator
 Water + alternator …………water wheel alternator
 FEED WATER CIRCUIT
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 The condensate water from the condenser is used as

feed water to the boiler by mixing make up water.
 DRAUGHT FANS
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 FORCED DRAUGHT FAN

 INDUCED DRAUGHT FAN
 Thermal power stations in telangana state
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NAME OPERATOR UNITS INSTALLED UNDER
CAPACITY CONSTRUC
(MW) TION(MW)
KAKATIYA TSGENCO 1*500, 1*600 1100
TPP
KOTHAGUDE TSGENCO 4*60, 4*120* 1720 800
M 2*250, 1*500,
1*800
RAMAGUNDA TSGENCO 1*62.5 62.5
M
NTPC NTPC 3*200, 4*500 2600
RAMAGUNDA
M
SINGARENI SCCL 2*600, 1*800 1200 800
BHADRADRI TSGENCO 4*270 1080
TPP
YADADRI TPP TSGENCO 5*800 4000