DOCTORAL SEMINAR II (GP-692)

Problems and prospects of

hybrid pigeonpea in India
Presentation Date: 23-12-2017 Time: 3.00pm

Speaker: Vipin Kumar Pandey (Ph.D. Scholar)

INTRODUCTION
• ‘Pigeonpea’ name was coined in Barbados
(Gowda et al., 2011).

• Red Gram or Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] an

ideal plant for sustainable agriculture
Food &
Performs Feed
in low
• It is a diploid (2n=22) fertility

• It’s genome size is 808 Mbp. Pigeonpea

(Varshney et al., 2012)
Fuel- Bio-
wood & Fertilizer
Fodder
Nutrient
recycling
INTRODUCTION

• It have large variation for days to maturity (97days

to 299 days)(Remanandan, 1990)
• It is an excellent source of protein 20-22%
(Saxena et al., 2010)
• In India 2015-2016 its area around 3.96 m ha,
production of 2.56 million tons and productivity of
about 646 kg/ha
(Source : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, 2015-2016)
What is hybrid?
The progeny of a cross between genetically different plants is called hybrid.

How to make hybrid pigeonpea?

• By using hand emasculation (Manual)

• By using Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
• By using Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS)

A honey bee foraging on a pigeonpea flowers

which helps in out crossing
By using hand emasculation (Manual)

• Hand emasculation.
• Pollination.
• Tagging and bagging.
What is Male sterility?

• Male sterility is refers to a condition in which pollen is either absent

or non-functional in flowering plants.

• J.K. Koelreuter (1763) observed anther abortion in tobacco plant.

• In pigeonpea Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) was first reported by
Reddy et al., 1978.
• In pigeonpea Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) was first developed
by Tikka et al., 1997.
Why Male Sterility ???

• Reduced the cost of hybrid seed production.

• Production of large scale of F1 seeds.
• Avoids enormous manual work of emasculation and
pollination.
• Speed up the hybridization programme.
• Commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour.
HISTORYOF HYBRID PIGEONPEA
• Mehta and Dave identified early and late maturity types
in 1931. (Mehta and Dave,1933)
• Pigeonpea breeding program started in 1933. (Shaw et al.,
1933)

• ICAR started All India Coordinated Pigeonpea

Improvement Project in 1965. (Ramanujam et al., 1981)
• ICRISAT developed worlds first hybrid pigeonpea
ICPH 8 and release in 1991 by ICAR.
Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea using GMS
(Genetic Male Sterility)
Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea using GMS
(Genetic Male Sterility)

Maintains of GMS
HYBRID VARIETIES OF PIGEONPEA BY GMS

HYBRIDS INSTITUTION PLACE YEAR

ICPH 8 ICRISAT & Delhi 1991

ICAR
PPH 4 PAU Ludhiana 1994
CoPH 1 TNAU Coimbatore 1994
CoPH 2 TNAU Coimbatore 1997
AKPH4101 PDKV Akola 1997
AKPH2022 PDKV Akola 1998

Source (Saxena et al., 2015)

Problems related to GMS based hybrid seed production

• Low amount of hybrid seed production (50%).

• Roughing of fertile counterpart of female (cost increasing).
• Lack of necked eye marker for male sterility (linked marker).
• Difficult to maintain genetic purity (insect pollinated).
Case study- 1
Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea
Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility
Comparative segregation for male-sterility in the seed
maintenance of the male-sterile lines.
Major problems in pigeonpea hybrid seed production
are:

(i)Long generation time

(ii)Low wind pollination.
(iii)Limits selection of heterotic hybrid parents
(iv)The on-farm seed production exercise
(v)Maintains the genetic purity
(vi)Restoration of fertility
Case study 2
 We can make more stable
hybrid

We can use wild relatives

and germplasm for stress
tolerance breeding
Future
prospects Utilization of genomic
resources

We can Breeding for special

traits
Case study-3
Future prospects

Current hybrids are not stable yield

More stable hybrid

Male sterile line are not Fertility restoration are not

stable stable
Future prospects

We can use wild relatives and germplasm for stress tolerance breeding

For abiotic stress tolerance For biotic stress tolerance

WATER LOGGING POD FLY

SALINITY
POD BORER
DROUGHT
STERLITY MOSAIC
DISEASE
LOW TEMPRETURE
FUSARIUM WILT

PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT
Case study-4
Future prospects

GENOMICS ASSISTED BREEDING

FOR IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs

Utilization of
genomic sequence FOR DEVELOPING MOLCULAR
data resources MARKER

FOR SCREENING STRESS TOLERANCE

HYBRIDS

EXPLORATION OF IMPORTANT TRAIT

HAVING GERMPLASM
Case study -5
Future prospects

For high protein contain

For Long shelf life of green pods and grains

We can Breeding For large attractive white seeds

for special traits
For easy shelling and high rate of dal recovery

For cooking quality of dal