COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTEMENT OF COTM
PRESENTATION ON INTERNSHIP

BY-ABEL ZENEBE
 Contents of my presentation
1.Introduction
2. Background of hosting company
3. Overall internship experience
4. over all benefits
5. Conclusion and recommendation
 1. INTRODUCTION

 Client: A.A youth and sports bureau

 Consultant: city government of Addis
Ababa and sports bureaue
 contractor: ZAMRA
CONSTRUCTION
 Project: AKAKI KALITY STADIUM
 Contract amount(+vat) 514, 392,
809, 16
 Contract time: 540 cal. Days
 2. Background of hosting company
 ZAMRA Construction Company is a Grade one contractor (GC1).

 It is founded in 1989 E.C in the form of partenership by young Entrepreneurs and starts bussiness as a
small scale firm.

 Over the past decade, the company has richened its experience in residential, hotel,
education, commercial and sport centers building sector soon it has developed to
general contractor (GC) which allows it to take part in highway construction.

 Location - Addis Ababa, Main office Ayat 100m after the square.

 It is registered with Vat in Addis Ababa City Administration Finance and Economy
Development Bureau.
 3. overall internship experiance
during my stay at zamra construction .There are two main section of work that we have
involved in:
 office work

 site works

1. Office works:

i. Take off sheet iv. bill of quantity

ii. bar schedule v.payment certificate
iii. cost break down vi. analysis of contract document
i. Take off sheet - i have been partipating in the estimation of some quantifying
works such as calculating the amount of block work and plastering works that has
been carried out by sub contractors.
ii. bar schedule -this is a format which is prepared to know the quantity of bar for a
given item of work, based on this i have done some bar schedule for combined
footing and beam that will support the steel structure.
iii. cost break down-this is a process which is carried out prior to contract agreement
for the purpose of tendering prepared by the contractor to be included in the BOQ
by determining unit price for each itemized of work.
iv. bill of quantity(BOQ)- after the cost break down completes a boq will be prepared
by specifying the works to be excuted,unit of measurement,total quantity ,amount.
v. payment certificate-this is a certificate that will entitile the contractor to recive a
certain amount of money for the service he has been provided from the client or in case
of sub contractors they are entitiled to recieve the money from the main contractor.
based on this i have been partipated in payment certificate preparation that will be paid
to sub contractors. below there are some terms in payment certificate:
 main sum: this is the total amount of money where the contractor and sub
contractor agreed on the contract.
 service sum: this is the total amount of money that the sub contractors will recive
for the service they have been provided
 variation order: if there were any variation order during the course of the work
then it should be specified in amount.
 previous quantity: this is essencial in estimating the survice sum it is a quantity
which has been done for previous payments.
 current quantity: this is the quantity that is estimated for the current payment.
 to date quantity: this is the summation of of orevious quantity and current quantity.
 rate: this is the rate at which the sub contractors and contractor negotiate for the
labour value.
 previous amount: this is the amount on which which is obtained by multiplying the
previous quantity with that of the rate and the same for cuurent and todate amount
then the submattion of todate amount will be survice sum.
 retention money: this is the amount of money that the contractor will with hold
some % of survice sum for their gurentee then after they finish all works it will be
releasedd to them.
 advance payment: this is the payment that will be given to contractors to initiate
works. but in this case the sub contractors did not recieve advance payment from the
cintractor.
 advance payment repayement: this the return payment of advance payment after
they accomplishes the work.
vi. analysis of contract document:
since in every construction work there is a binding element between the stake holders
i.e. contract there fore in the akaki kality stadium project the conyractor and the client
has this binding element so i will give some highlight on it.
 The contract type agreed between zamra and the client to construct the stadium is
unit price contract.
 The bidding document is issued under procurement method: open bidding,
international competitive bidding (ICB).
 General description of the work that is subject of procurement is construction of
stadium including site compound, road packing and fence work.
 The main contract amount for this project is 514,392,809.16 ETB i.e. 48,880,305.57
ETB and 350,859,868.45 ETB for sub and super structure respectively.
claims: as we all know due to the backwardness of our countrys construction sector
construction claims and disputes become almost a culture among stake holders of
construction ,the project i have been interning at was one victim of this there fore i will
present it in short.
 project location :the claim starts prior to the beggineng of the project because first
the project location was assumed to be at ayat arabsa zonal stadium but suddenly the
contractor was notified the project location was changed in to akaki kality.
 design and specification: zamra construction does not recieve a complete set of
designs and details for each structure the designs and drawings has been updated so
many times this affected the project duration so badly.
 variation order: variation order can be raised due to three major reasons; mis item,
exceed quantity and demolition of existing quantity. On the football field
construction a perforated pipe covered with geosentitic cover was omitted from the
BOQ but this perforated pipe was essential in order to dispose the water that comes
from the artificial turf.
 project duration:-The another claim requested by zamra construction is project
duration, the total project duration was estimated at 540 calendar days but this
duration has already passed on but the contractor given a time extension of 150
additional days because the contractor has trustable evidence not to be penalized by
liquidated damage.they are
• Weather condition: due to the bad weather condition and unanticipated pattern of rain
fall has altered the progress of the project.
• Incomplete design and specification from the client side
• Inconsistency of the steel structure design that supports the roofing shade with the
ground condition.
vii. saftey and health: zamra construction
has conducted a very structured saftey and
health provisions for its loubers, staff
members as well for guests and even also
we intern students should wear safety
cloths such as; helmet, color full shirts are
mandatory to be weared at the entrance of
the site.
2. site tasks : the following are some of my site observations
i. excavation work vii. football field construction
ii.foundation
iii.formwork
iv. concrete work
v. block work
vi. plastering
i. excavation work : i have the chance to
see excavation work for the ditch structure
and combined footing that supports the
steel structure, based on this the ditch is
excavated below 1.5m below spectators
seat where as the combined footing could
be excavated up tp 6m depending on the
soil type.
ii. foundation: there are two kinds of
footings on this project isolated footing
for the main structure and combined
footing for the steel structure i dont see
the isolated footing type because the main
structure was already finished but i saw
how the combined footing was carried
out.
iii.formwork:Formwork can be made out of timber, plywood, steel, precast
concrete or fiber glass used separately or in combinationBut in site the formworks
utilized were composed of timber and panel steels.
Procedures for constructing formwork
The following procedures are commonly adopted while constructing formwork.
• First we have to get the centerline of the structure and mark with a chalk and string
• Then we have to surround the sides of the structure with a horizontal member called
crachare, which helps to maintain the balance of the structure while concrete work.
• Then we have to erect the formwork material could be timber or panel and stick them
on all sides with a small sized woods called kerevat.
• After doing this by slanting a diagonal
members of wood on both sides we will
drop a plumb bob vertically downward to
check the verticality of the formwork.
• The last but not least fixing whether or
not the readings at the top and bottom are
similar if not we have to fix it by moving
the diagonal members.
iii.reinforcement work: in site i have the
chance to observe how the bar will be
cutted based on drawing and applied on
the ditch and footing respectively.in
addition i saw how the j bolts are used to
connect the plate with the footing.
iv. concrete work: Is a mixture of proportioned and well monitored of
cement,sand,aggregate and water.
Procedures for producing concrete
 measuring
 mixing
 transporting
 placing
 compacting
 curing
v. block work: In my site there was three
types of blocks based on their size they
are:
• 20cm HCB block- used for construction
of external walls.
• 15 cm HCB block-used for construction
of internal partition walls.
• 10 cm HCB block-used for construction
of toilet partition walls
vi. plastering: Plastering is the process of • 1. First coat (berari gerfe): Is used to
covering various surfaces of structure
create a rough surface for the next coat
with plastic material such as cement
to adhere effectively. It is made with a
mortar, lime mortar or composite mortar,
ratio of 1:4 of mortar i.e. 1 Bag of
to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean
cement and 4 Box of sand. 1 up to 2
and durable surface. Provide base for
days of curing is needed for it to attain
receiving other decorative finishes like
sufficient strength. It is spread by
painting.
trowel & has minimum thickness of
• Based on my observation in our site 12mm.
plastering work is carried out through 3
main stages. They are:
2. Second coat (mullet); its covers most
of the body of the coating and creates a
good base for the next coating. Beam or
any other structure can be balanced by the
second coating type by using Riga. It is
made with a ratio of 1:3 of mortar i.e. 1
Bag of cement and 3 Box of sand. It has
maximum thickness of 5mm & cured at
list 2 weeks and waited for 21 days before
3rd coat applied.
3. Third coat (fino): On average it has
two up to four millimeters of thickness.
This stage of coating is the last and
outermost part. It should have smooth and
uniform appearance as its aesthetic value
is of great importance. It’s made with a
ratio of 1:1 i.e. 1 Bag of cement and 1
Box of coarse sand. It should be cured
successively with great attention until it
gets enough strength.
vii. football field construction: The football and running track is constructed on
different level of courses it’s somehow similar to the construction of roads. Based on
this it will have 4(four) courses:
 Sub grade
 Sub base course(boulders)
 Base course
 Finishing course(surfacing)
but durimg my stay i have the chance to see the first two courses.
 Excavation works: after clearing of
the site to remove the top soil and other
rubbish materials a bulk excavation in
ordinary soil up to a depth of 150 cm
was carried out before compacted with
roller.
 Sub grade: providing and laying of
impermeable soil in two layers of 150
mm each and compacted to 150mm
thickness by watering the entire surface
and rolled with 10-12 ton power roller.
 Sub base (boulders): this course
involves providing as well as laying a
sub base of 250mm compacted
thickness with 40-90mm size rock
material obtained from rock and rolled
with 10-12 ton road roller.
 4. overall beinefits of internship
In terms Of:  Interpersonal Communication Skill
 Practical Skills
- To ask different questions
- Work procedures of concrete casting - To make discussions
for column,foundation and beam.
- Form work, block work, plastering. - To handle information
 Theoretical Knowledge  Team Work Plying Skill

- Reading drawings in site. - Helps to be cooperative

- preparing take off sheet and bar - it increases interdependency
schedule - develop team spirit.
- sharing of knowled
 5.conclusion
 The internship program helped us to
apply the knowledge we have gained in
our previous four year theoretical class.
 During the internship period we gained
an experience that makes our
theoretical knowledge stronger.
 It helped us develop self confidence
and introduced us to the world of
construction.
 This enabled to share and obtains
practical knowledge from experienced
persons and professionals.
 It helped us to improve interpersonal
communication skill, leadership skill,
work ethics and Entrepreneurship skill.
 The internship program enlightened us
on what to expect and what challenges
we may face as construction
technology and management engineer.
 Recommendation
 For ADIGRAT University the  In internship program I observed that
following are some of the every single task was based on design
recommendations: drawings. So even if knowing other
 During my four year stay in the things is essential, understanding
university, I did not gain enough drawing is basic. So technical drawing
knowledge as I expected. So practical course should have a good emphasis.
knowledge is needed than the
theoretical ones. So the teaching
learning status needs an update if
students are expected to know better
and be professional.
 For The Company the following are
some of the recommendations.
 A design only needs to be safe and not highly
conservative as cost is also one requirement for
its effectiveness. I recommend that the
designers have more responsibility and make
real analysis of every part of the structure. The
company should also have strong structural
department to check problems of over
estimation and to suggest solutions and
minimize the amount of delay that would be
created when ever design changes.
 actual construction should be done in
accordance with design and
soecification.
 electrical and sanitary installation
should be done in a way that does not
affect the bearing strength of the block
works.
 form work materials should be
sufficient of quality as specifed in the
specification and removed as per
standard.