Atoll 2.7.1 UMTS HSPA Basic

Atoll 2.7.
THE UMTS HSPA MODULE
AT271_SL3G_E0 1
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Concepts
2. 3G Workflow in Atoll
3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network
4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation
6. Neighbour Allocation
7. Scrambling Codes Planning
8. GSM/TDMA – UMTS Co-planning
9. Using Drive Tests
AT271_SL3G_E0 2
1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS
Atoll 2.7.1
 UMTS CONCEPTS
 HSDPA CONCEPTS
 HSUPA CONCEPTS
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UMTS CONCEPTS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 THE UMTS PLANNING CHALLENGE

 Multiservice + multi-rate + high-rate
 Wideband
 Code division multiple access technique

– All terminals share the same frequency
 Mutual degradation of radio links defeated by sophisticated power

control
 Coverage linked to traffic & services

– Cell breathing
REALISTIC UMTS PLANNING

REQUIRES SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC AND POWER CONTROL!
AT271_SL3G_E0 4
UMTS CONCEPTS (2)
Atoll 2.7.1
 CPICH - COMMON PILOT CHANNEL

 CPICH power equivalent to BCCH carrier power in gsm
 Always on air
 Approx. 5%..20% of the total carrier power

– 1..4 watts of 20W (30..36dBm of 43dBm)
 Pilot quality
– Ec/Io parameter
Ec: Energy per chip (pilot signal)
Io: Downlink total noise spectral density
– Measured by mobile to find its best server and active set
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UMTS CONCEPTS (3)
Atoll 2.7.1
 SOFT HANDOFF
 UMTS handoff strategy different from GSM hard handoff

– Mobile in communication with several base stations (macro-
diversity)
 Mobile Active Set
– Different types of soft handoff

 Soft, softer,
 Soft-soft, softer-soft, soft-softer
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UMTS CONCEPTS (4)
Atoll 2.7.1
 ACTIVE SET
 Set of transmitters connected to mobile
 Active set determination
– Best pilot (server)

 Minimum Ec/Io : Pilot quality threshold
 Highest Ec/Io
– Admission of other transmitters in Active Set

 Handover margin : Active Set threshold
 Ec/Io within a margin of best server
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UMTS CONCEPTS (5)
Atoll 2.7.1
 WCDMA RECEPTION PARAMETER

"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement
Eb / Nt = ( C / R ) / ( I / W )
Eb : Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

Nt : Total noise density ( W / MHz )
R : Nominal rate of the service (kbps)
W : spreading width (MHz)
C : Carrier power (W)
I : Power of interfering carriers + thermal noise (W)
Eb / Nt = ( C / I ) . ( W / R )
C / I : Interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)

W / R : Processing gain
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UMTS CONCEPTS (6)
Atoll 2.7.1
 POWER CONTROL
 Power control on traffic channel
 Objectives
– Solve near-far-problem of CDMA in the uplink
– Limit overall interference to maximize capacity
– Ensure good reception for a maximum number of mobiles
– Power control yields a network-wide compromise!
 Means
– Mobile power adjustment for uplink
– Base station power adjustment for downlink
– UMTS power control is fast!
 Main results
– Transmitter load conditions
 DL Power used
 UL Load factor = Interference / Total noise
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HSDPA CONCEPTS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 5 FEATURE

FOR UMTS
 Designed for data service applications

 Aimed to provide, for the downlink, significant reduced delays and peak
rates up to 8-10 Mbps
 Fully Release 99 backward compatible
 Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
 TECHNICAL ASPECTS
 New physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

 Fast link adaptation (modelled in Atoll)
 Fast retransmission mechanism
 Fast scheduling at Node B (modelled in Atoll)
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HSDPA CONCEPTS (2)
Atoll 2.7.1
 NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK

 HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): Transport channel

– HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel):
Associated physical channel
– Carries user data
– Both time and codes shared between users
– Within each 2 ms transmission time interval (TTI), a constant spreading
factor of 16 is used with a maximum of 15 parallel codes
 2 to 4 users can share the code resources with the same TTI
– Always associated to a R99 DCH (Dedicated Channel)
 HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

– Carries information to decode HS-DSCH (Modulation, Transport block
size,…)
– Spreading factor = 128
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HSDPA CONCEPTS (3)
Atoll 2.7.1
 NEW PHYSICAL CHANNEL ON THE UPLINK

 HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

– Indicates the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) used for fast link
adaptation
– Carries the acknowledgement signal for retransmission process
 FAST LINK ADAPTATION INSTEAD OF POWER CONTROL
 The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI

 Adaptive DL data rate by changing:
– The modulation scheme
– The coding
– The number of codes
 Based on:
– The reported CQI
– UE (User Equipment) category
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HSDPA CONCEPTS (4)
Atoll 2.7.1
 FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B

 The scheduler chooses the data that will be transmitted in the next TTI
– It sorts the users to be served
 Different scheduling techniques

– Max CQI: resource is allocated to the UE with the best radio
propagation conditions
– Round Robin: every user is served in a sequential way
– Proportional fair: resource is allocated to the UE with the highest
instantaneous relative channel quality
 NO SOFT HANDOVER ON DL
 The mobile has only one link from its best-server
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HSDPA CONCEPTS (5)
Atoll 2.7.1
 CELL POWER
 The cell power is shared between R99 and HSDPA users
 Two strategies possible for the HSDPA power allocation:

– Static allocation  the HSDPA power is a fixed part of the cell
power
– Dynamic allocation  the HSDPA power is the remaining cell
power after serving R99 users
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HSUPA CONCEPTS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 6 FEATURE

FOR UMTS
 Designed for data service applications

 Aimed to provide, for the uplink, peak rates up to 3- 4 Mbps
 Fully Release 99 backward compatible
 Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
 TECHNICAL ASPECTS
 New transport and physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

 Fast retransmission mechanism (modelled in Atoll)
 Fast scheduling at Node B (modelled in Atoll)
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HSUPA CONCEPTS (2)
Atoll 2.7.1
 NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE UPLINK

 E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel): Transport channel

– E-DPDCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel): Associated
physical channel
– Carries user data
– Dedicated channel: each UE has its own dedicated E-DCH
– Always associated to a R99 DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Supports OVSF: SF2 - SF256
 E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

– Transmits all the necessary information about the E-DPDCH in order to
decode the data channel transmission
– Also carries “Happy bit” information to indicate if the user is content
with the current data rate
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HSUPA CONCEPTS (3)
Atoll 2.7.1
 NEW PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK

 E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)

– Transmits an absolute value of the Node B scheduler decision that lets
the UE know the relative transmission power it is allowed to use for
data channel transmission
 E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

– Transmits single set-up / set-down scheduling commands that affect
the relative transmission power the UE is allowed to use for data
channel transmission
 E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

– Carries positive and negative acknowledgements for retransmission
process
– Multiplexed with E-RGCH to a single downlink code channel of
spreading factor 128
AT271_SL3G_E0 17
HSUPA CONCEPTS (4)
Atoll 2.7.1
 HSUPA DOES NOT SUPPORT FAST LINK ADAPTATION

 Higher modulation order schemes are not supported
 FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B
 The shared resource on UL is the UL noise rise i.e, the total power received
by the Node B receiver
 The scheduler tasks are:

– To equally share this resource between users and to maintain the
interference level experienced close to the maximum
– To select the transport format (nb of bits to be transmitted in a TTI) for
the E-DCH transport channel with respect to:
 The maximum terminal power allowed
 The UE (User Equipment) category
 SOFT HANDOVER IS SUPPORTED
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DCH, HS-DSCH AND E-DCH COMPARISON
Atoll 2.7.1
 COMPARISON TABLE
Feature DCH HSDPA (HS-DSCH) HSUPA (E-DCH)
Variable Spreading Factor Yes, SF4 - SF256 No, SF16 Yes, SF2 - SF256
Fast Power Control Yes No Yes
Adaptive Modulation No Yes No
BTS Based Scheduling No Yes Yes
Fast L1 HARQ No Yes Yes
Soft Handover Yes No Yes
TTI Length (ms) 80, 40, 20, 10 2 10, 2
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TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
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2. 3G WORKFLOW IN ATOLL
Atoll 2.7.1
Open an Existing Project
or Create a New One
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
2. 3G WORKFLOW IN ATOLL
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Neighbour Allocation
Traffic Maps Monte-Carlo User-defined values

Simulations
Cell Load
Conditions
UMTS/HSPA Predictions Scrambling Code Plan
Prediction Study Reports

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TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
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3. MODELLING A UMTS HSPA NETWORK
Atoll 2.7.1
 SITE PARAMETERS
 TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS
 CELL PARAMETERS
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SITE PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
X, Y, altitude
Number of channel
elements UL/DL available
on the site
Equipment installed on
the site
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TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
Cells: (Tx-carrier) pairs
Selection of the
- Specifications of carriers in a
Frequency Band
transmitter
Equipment
specifications
DL and UL total losses,

Noise figure
Transmit and
Receive diversities
AT271_SL3G_E0 25
CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
Inter-carrier power sharing
Available only if there is at
Carrier least one HSDPA carrier with
dynamic power allocation
Transmitted powers
HSDPA parameters AS management parameter:

max quality margin admitted
between best-server and
other transmitter pilots to be in
HSUPA parameters active-set
Maximum UL and DL Maximum cell load on

connection rate: simulation UL and DL: simulation
constraints constraints
UL and DL cell loads: user-

Inputs of the scrambling
defined or simulation output
code allocation algorithm
Cell primary Inputs of the neighbour

scrambling code allocation algorithm
Neighbour list
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CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
Power available for HSDPA (i.e for HS-PDSCH
 CELL HSDPA PARAMETERS and HS-SCCH)
• Static allocation: the HSDPA power is a fixed
part of the cell total power used

• Dynamic allocation: the HSDPA power is the
cell remaining power after serving R99 users
Reserve of power for R99 DCH
HS-SCCH power per HS-SCCH channel

• Static allocation: the HS-SCCH power is fixed
• Dynamic allocation: the HS-SCCH power is
controlled in order to obtain a minimum quality
threshold
Maximum numbers of HS-SCCH channels

that the cell can manage
Minimum and maximum numbers of 16 bits-
length OVSF codes available for HS-PDSCH
channels
Number of HSDPA users in the cell: user-

defined or simulation output
Scheduling related parameters

• Maximum number of HSDPA users that the cell can support
• Scheduling technique: Max CQI, Round Robin, Proportional Fair
AT271_SL3G_E0 27
CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
 CELL HSUPA PARAMETERS

Power allocated to
HSUPA DL channels (E-

AGCH, E-RGCH, and E-
HICH)
Maximum number of
HSDPA users that the
cell can support
Load factor due to
HSUPA traffic: user-
defined or simulation
output
Number of HSUPA
users in the cell: user-
defined or simulation
output
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TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0 29
4. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 AVAILABLE PREDICTIONS
 UMTS PREDICTIONS
 HSDPA PREDICTION
 HSUPA PREDICTION
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AVAILABLE PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 COVERAGE PREDICTIONS
 UMTS Dedicated Coverage Predictions

– Quality Studies
 Ec/Io, Eb/Nt, Service Areas
– Handover Study
– Noise Studies
 Nt, Pilot pollution
 HSDPA Dedicated Coverage Study

– Quality Studies
– Rate/Throughput Studies
 HSUPA Dedicated Coverage Study

– Quality Study
– Rate/Throughput Studies
 POINT PREDICTION
AT271_SL3G_E0 31
PRINCIPLES OF UMTS PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 UMTS PREDICTIONS ARE CALCULATED FOR

 Given load conditions

– UL Load Factor
– DL Power Used
 A non-interfering user with

– A service
– A mobility
– A terminal type
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LOAD CONDITIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 LOAD CONDITONS ARE DEFINED IN THE CELLS TABLE

Values taken into consideration in

predictions for each cell
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SERVICE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 PARAMETERS USED IN PREDICTIONS

 R99 Bearer Parameters
 Rate Downgrading
 Handover Capabilities
 Body Loss
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R99 BEARER PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
Double-click the
record in the table

 Type: Traffic Class
 Max Downlink Traffic Power per Channel
 UL and DL Eb/Nt Admission Thresholds
(per mobility)
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MOBILITY TYPE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 Ec/Io threshold (AS): this value is verified for the best server
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TERMINAL PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Receiver equipment
 Compressed mode capability
 Frequency bands and related noise figures
 Maximum terminal power
 Gain and losses
 Active Set size
 DL rake factor
 Rho factor
AT271_SL3G_E0 37
COVERAGE PREDICTION SETTINGS
Atoll 2.7.1
If no simulation is selected
 Prediction based on DL power and Display type template

UL load from Cells table
User and carrier specification Tip text content and legend
AT271_SL3G_E0 38
DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR UMTS COVERAGE
Atoll 2.7.1
PREDICTIONS
Prediction Study Type Display Parameter
Ec/I0
Pilot Reception Analysis (Ec/Io) Ec/I0 Margin
Transmitter, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Downlink Effective Eb/Nt
Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Effective Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power
Soft Handover Gain, etc
Effective Service Area Unique,etc
Hanfoff Status
Handover Status
Number of Potential Servers
Pilot Pollution Number of Polluters
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Level
Downlink Total Noise
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Rise
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UMTS PREDICTION EXAMPLES (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
Pilot Reception Analysis Study
Pilot Pollution Study
AT271_SL3G_E0 40
Atoll 2.7.1
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Study
Effective Service Area Study
AT271_SL3G_E0 41
Atoll 2.7.1
Handover Status Prediction Study
Downlink Total Noise Study
AT271_SL3G_E0 42
POINT ANALYSIS TOOL (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 RADIO RECEPTION DIAGNOSIS AT A GIVEN POINT

 In the Tool bar, click
 Select the AS Analysis tab in the Point Analysis window
 Define AS analysis settings
AT271_SL3G_E0 43
POINT ANALYSIS TOOL (2)
Atoll 2.7.1
Active Set /
Handover Status
also shown in the
Map-Window
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : If (Cells Table) is Analysis on a

selected Definition of a user- specific carrier or
definable “probe" all (carrier selection
 Analysis based on DL power and UL load from
receiver, Indoor or not as set in site
Cells table
equipment)
Pilot
availability
Service
availability in
UL and DL
Prediction with Cells of the mobile Lower limit of the active Best server threshold to be part of
downgrading or not active set (greyed set (best pilot quality - the active set (depending on the
zone) Active set threshold) mobility type)
AT271_SL3G_E0 44
PRINCIPLES OF HSDPA PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 HSDPA PREDICTION CAN BE CALCULATED

 To analyse the UL and DL A-DPCH qualities

 To analyse the HS-SCCH quality/power
 To model fast link adaptation for a single user within the cell
 To model fast link adaptation for many users within the cell
 To analyse the probability of having a certain HSDPA Radio Bearer
 HSDPA PREDICTION INPUTS
 The cell total power

 The cell HSDPA power
 The number of HSDPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for
several users
 HSDPA user description: Terminal, service and mobility type
AT271_SL3G_E0 45
HSDPA SERVICE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Body Loss
 HSDPA Capability and Application Throughput Parameters
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HSDPA BEARER PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 TRANSPORT FORMAT RESOURCE COMBINATION (TFRC) SELECTED BY

THE SCHEDULER DURING FAST LINK ADAPTATION
 Defined in 3GPP Specifications
AT271_SL3G_E0 47
MOBILITY TYPE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Ec/Io threshold (AS): this value is verified for the best server
 HS-SCCH Ec/Nt threshold (dB): minimum quality required for HSDPA link
AT271_SL3G_E0 48
HSDPA CAPABLE TERMINAL PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Frequency bands
 Noise figures
 Gain and losses
 DL rake factor
 Rho factor
 HSDPA capability and HSDPA
specific parameters
– UE category
– MUD factor
AT271_SL3G_E0 49
HSDPA UE CATEGORY PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 USER EQUIPMENT (UE) CAPABILITIES DEFINED IN 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS

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DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR HSDPA PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
Study Objective Conditions Display Parameter
All HSDPA Radio Max DL A-DPCH Eb/Nt

A-DPCH Quality Analysis Bearers Considered Max UL A-DPCH Eb/Nt
All HSDPA Radio HS-SCCH Ec/Nt

HS-SCCH Quality and Power Study Bearers Considered HS-SCCH Power
HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
CPICH/HS-PDSCH CQI
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a All HSDPA Radio MAC Rate
Single User Bearers Considered RLC Peak Rate
Application Throughput
etc
MAC Throughput per Mobile

Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a All HSDPA Radio
RLC Throughput per Mobile
Several Users Bearers Considered
Application Throughput per Mobile
Probability of Having a Certain RLC One HSDPA Radio Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Peak Rate Bearer Selected
AT271_SL3G_E0 51
FAST LINK ADAPTATION MODELLING
Atoll 2.7.1
 ATOLL DETERMINES THE BEST HSDPA BEARER THAT EACH USER CAN
OBTAIN
 PROCESS : PREDICTION DONE VIA LOOK-UP TABLES
CPICH/HS-PDSCH   HSDPA bearer  Look-up of RLC

CQI calculation
Ec/Nt evaluation selection peak rate
 MODELLING FOR A SINGLE USER

 Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSDPA user
 Each HSDPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => He
uses the entire available HSDPA power of the cell
 MODELLING FOR SEVERAL USERS

 Atoll considers several HSDPA users per pixel
 The cell HSDPA power is shared between users
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HSDPA PREDICTION EXAMPLE
Atoll 2.7.1
HSDPA Study – Display per RLC peak rate for a single user
AT271_SL3G_E0 53
PRINCIPLES OF HSUPA PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 HSUPA PREDICTION CAN BE CALCULATED TO ANALYSE

 The power required by the terminal

 The required E-DPDCH quality
 The rates and throughputs
 HSUPA PREDICTION INPUTS

 The cell UL load factor
 The cell UL load factor due to HSUPA
 The cell UL reuse factor
 The maximum cell UL load factor
 The number of HSUPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for
several users
 HSUPA user description: Terminal, service and mobility type
 TWO CALCULATION OPTIONS

 HSUPA resources are dedicated to a single user
 HSUPA resources are shared by several users
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HSUPA SERVICE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Body Loss
 HSUPA Capability and Application Throughput Parameters
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HSUPA BEARER PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION (TFC) SELECTED BY THE

SCHEDULER
 Defined in 3GPP Specifications
AT271_SL3G_E0 56
HSUPA CAPABLE TERMINAL PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1

 Frequency bands
 Noise figures
 Gain and losses
 DL rake factor
 Rho factor
 HSDPA and HSUPA capabilities
– UE category
– MUD factor
AT271_SL3G_E0 57
HSUPA UE CATEGORY PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
 USER EQUIPMENT (UE) CAPABILITIES DEFINED IN 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS

AT271_SL3G_E0 58
DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR HSUPA PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
 ON EACH PIXEL, YOU CAN DISPLAY

 The E-DPDCH Ec/Nt required to otain the HSUPA bearer
 The terminal power required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
 The RLC peak rate that the HSUPA bearer can provide
 The minimum RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
 The application throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
 Etc.
AT271_SL3G_E0 59
NOISE RISE SCHEDULING MODELLING
Atoll 2.7.1
 ATOLL DETERMINES THE BEST HSUPA BEARER THAT EACH USER CAN
OBTAIN
 PROCESS : PREDICTION DONE VIA LOOK-UP TABLES
calculation of the  
Calculation of the  Load sharing  HSUPA bearer Look-up of RLC
maximum E-DPDCH
remaining load between users selection peak rate
Ec/Nt allowed
 MODELLING FOR A SINGLE USER

 Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSUPA user
 Each HSUPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => He
uses the entire remaining load of the cell
 MODELLING FOR SEVERAL USERS

 Atoll considers several HSUPA users per pixel
 The remaining load of the cell is equally shared between users
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HSUPA PREDICTION EXAMPLE
Atoll 2.7.1
HSUPA Study – Display per RLC peak rate for a single user
AT271_SL3G_E0 61
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
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5. MONTE-CARLO BASED SIMULATION
Atoll 2.7.1
 SIMULATION PROCESS
 SIMULATION CREATION
 SIMULATION RESULTS
 ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS
AT271_SL3G_E0 63
SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
 WHAT’S A SIMULATION IN ATOLL?

 Distribution of users at a given moment (= Snapshot)
 PURPOSE
 Simulate network regulation mechanisms for a user distribution
– Uplink and downlink power control on R99 bearers

– Fast link adaptation in order to select HSDPA bearers
– Noise rise scheduling in order to select HSUPA bearers
 Obtaining network parameters

– Mobile: active set, required power, etc
– Cell: total DL power, UL load, etc
 THREE STEPS
1. Obtaining a realistic user distribution
2. Modelling network power control, fast link adaptation and noise rise
scheduling
3. Calculating network parameters

– Dimensioning information
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SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
 REQUIREMENT: TRAFFIC MAP(S)

 THE USER DISTRIBUTION IS GENERATED USING A MONTE-CARLO

ALGORITHM
 Based on traffic database and traffic map(s)
 Weighted by a poisson distribution
 EACH USER IS ASSIGNED
 A service, a mobility type, a terminal and an activity status by random trial

– According to a probability law using traffic database
 A shadowing error
– Using the probability distribution that describes the shadowing effect
 A geographic position in the traffic zone by random trial

– According to the clutter weighting and indoor ratio
AT271_SL3G_E0 65
SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
 ITERATIVE ALGORITHM
 During each iteration, all the mobiles attempt to connect one by one to
network transmitters
 Process repeated until convergence
 SIMULATION ALGORITHM DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS
 R99 part: All users are evaluated

– Simulation of power control, congestion and radio resource control
performed for R99 bearers for R99, HSDPA and HSUPA users
 HSDPA part: HSDPA bearer users are then evaluated

– Simulation of fast link adaptation, scheduling of HSDPA users and
radio resource control
 HSUPA part: HSUPA users are then evaluated

– Simulation of noise rise scheduling and radio resource control of
HSUPA users
AT271_SL3G_E0 66
SIMULATION CREATION
Atoll 2.7.1
Number of simulations to
run for the current
session
Level of detail in
simulation outputs
Respect of cell
Optional multiplicative factor constraints or not
R99 to R99 Bearer,

HSDPA to R99 Bearer
and HSUPA to R99
Bearer Downgrading
Allowed
Cartography selection
AT271_SL3G_E0 67
SIMULATION RESULTS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 ANALYSIS PROVIDED OVER THE FOCUS ZONE

 6 TABS : STATISTICS, SITES, CELLS, MOBILES, SHADOWING VALUES (IF

DETAILED RESULTS), INITIAL CONDITIONS
AT271_SL3G_E0 68
Atoll 2.7.1
Writes the UL load factor, the total

DL power, the UL reuse factor, the
HSDPA power, the number of
HSDPA users, the UL load factor
due to HSDPA and the number of
HSUPA users into the Cells table
AT271_SL3G_E0 69
Atoll 2.7.1
Display the Users (Terminals) on the map

depending on the Connection Status
AT271_SL3G_E0 70
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
 CALCULATION OF UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA PREDICTION STUDIES BASED

ON SIMULATIONS
 Analysis of a single simulation
 Prediction based on the results of the

simulation (DL power, UL load factor, etc)
 Average analysis of all the simulations in a group
 Prediction based on the average of simulations in

the group (average DL power, average UL load
factor, etc)
 Statistical analysis of all the simulations in a group with a probability

e.g. A group of 10 simulations and a probability set
to 0.8
 10 calculations of the studied criterion, each of
them based on the results of a simulation (DL power,
UL load factor, etc). In order for the pixel to be
coloured, the studied criterion must be satisfied in at
least 8 calculations.
AT271_SL3G_E0 71
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS (2)
Atoll 2.7.1
 AS ANALYSIS BASED ON SIMULATIONS

 Analysis of a single simulation
 Prediction based on the results of the

simulation (DL power and UL load factor)
 Average analysis of all the simulations in a group
 Prediction based on the average of simulations in the

group (average DL power, average UL load factor, etc)
AT271_SL3G_E0 72
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0 73
6. NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION
Atoll 2.7.1
 IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
 NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION

 NEIGHBOUR GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
 MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS MANUALLY
 EXPORTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
AT271_SL3G_E0 74
IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR
Atoll 2.7.1
RELATIONSHIPS
 POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO IMPORT A LIST OF NEIGHBOURS
 Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbours are mixed in the same table
 PREREQUISITES
 A text file with at least 2 columns
– Source cells and neighbour cells
– Relationships must be defined between Atoll format cell names
AT271_SL3G_E0 75
Atoll 2.7.1
RELATIONSHIPS
AT271_SL3G_E0 76
NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Atoll 2.7.1
 MANAGEMENT OF INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOURS

 One allocation algorithm dedicated to intra-carrier neighbours and another
one for inter-carrier neighbours
 POSSIBILITY TO DEFINE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONSTRAINTS TO BE

CONSIDERED DURING THE AUTOMATIC NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION
 Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbourhood constraints are mixed in the

same table
List of neighbour relationships you may

force or forbid
 ALLOCATION PARAMETERS
 Maximum number of neighbours
– Global value for all the cells or value specified for each cell
 Maximum inter-site distance
 Allocation strategy based on the overlapping of cell coverage
AT271_SL3G_E0 77
Atoll 2.7.1
 INTRA-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Coverage conditions Calculation options

Overlapping criterion
Do not select the option

Start allocation if you want to keep
existing neighbours
AT271_SL3G_E0 78
Atoll 2.7.1
 OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Intra-Carrier)

% Min covered area is defined by the formula : (S A ∩ SB) / SA where :
- SA is the best server area of cell A.
Cell A is the first one in the AS
- SB is the area where cell B can enter the AS of cell A
B best server area

(Candidate)
A best server area
(Reference) B
SA ∩ S B :
Area where :
Ec/Io(B) ≥ Ec/Io(A) – Ec/Io margin(A)
Minimum
Ec/Io for A
AT271_SL3G_E0 79
Atoll 2.7.1
 INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Coverage conditions Calculation options


Start allocation if you want to keep
existing neighbours
AT271_SL3G_E0 80
Atoll 2.7.1
 OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Inter-Carrier – Carrier saturation)

% Min covered area is defined by the formula : (S A ∩ SB) / SB where :
- SA is the best server area (on carrier 1) + Handoff area of cell A
- SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2)
B best server area

(Carrier 2 - Candidate)
A best server area
(Carrier 1 - Reference) B
Minimum
Ec/Io for A Best Ec/Io for A -
Ec/Io Margin
AT271_SL3G_E0 81
Atoll 2.7.1
 OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Inter-Carrier – Out of carrier coverage)

% Min covered Area is defined by the formula : (S A ∩ SB) / SB where :
- SA is the coverage area of A + Ec/Io margin (and best server on carrier 1)
- SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2)
B best server area

(Carrier 2 - Candidate)
Minimum Ec/Io
A for A and A best
server area
(Carrier 1 -
Reference)
Minimum Ec/Io
for A + Ec/Io
Margin
AT271_SL3G_E0 82
Atoll 2.7.1
 ALLOCATION RESULT
 Sorted list of neighbours with allocation reasons and importance value
(0-1)
Allocation results
Sort and filtering tools
Commit selected
neighbours only
AT271_SL3G_E0 83
NEIGHBOUR GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
Atoll 2.7.1
 DISPLAY OF INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOURHOOD LINKS

ON THE MAP
 Calculate a “coverage by transmitter” and display it on the map
 Select the icon in the toolbar and click a transmitter on the map
Symmetric link: Site17_1(0)

is neighbour of Site23_1(0)
and vice-versa
Outwards link: Site27_0(0)

is neighbour of Site23_1(0)
Inwards link: Site23_1(0)

is neighbour of
Site22_0(0)
Neighbourhood relationships of Site23_1(0)
AT271_SL3G_E0 84
Atoll 2.7.1
 POSSIBILITY TO DISPLAY NEIGHBOUR CHARACTERISTICS ON THE MAP
 Calculate a “coverage by transmitter” and display it on the map
 Display neighbour relationships of the desired transmitter

 Click the icon from the toolbar
AT271_SL3G_E0 85
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
Atoll 2.7.1
MANUALLY
 POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS ON THE MAP
USING THE CTRL AND SHIFT SHORTCUTS
 For intra-carrier neighbourhood links only
 POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER

NEIGHBOURS IN THE TRANSMITTER PROPERTY DIALOGUE
Neighbour list of Site23_1(0)
List of transmitters within a 30 km radius

from the selected one (sorted in a ascending
inter-site distance order)
AT271_SL3G_E0 86
EXPORTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
Atoll 2.7.1
 POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO EXPORT THE LIST OF NEIGHBOURS

 Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbours are mixed in the same table
AT271_SL3G_E0 87
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0 88
7. SCRAMBLING CODE PLANNING
Atoll 2.7.1
 GENERAL SETTINGS
 AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
 SCRAMBLING CODE SEARCH TOOL
 SCRAMBLING CODE HISTOGRAMS
 SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONE PREDICTION
AT271_SL3G_E0 89
GENERAL SETTINGS
Atoll 2.7.1
 512 SCRAMBLING CODES AVAILABLE (0-511)
 POSSIBILITY TO MANAGE COORDINATION PROBLEMS AND SEPARATIONS

BETWEEN SCRAMBLING CODES
 Definition of domains and groups of scrambling codes

– 1 domain = set of groups
– 1 group consists of several scrambling codes
 A domain of scrambling codes may be assigned to each cell
– Cells table
 POSSIBILITY TO SPECIFY PAIRS OF CELLS WHICH CANNOT HAVE THE SAME

SCRAMBLING CODE
AT271_SL3G_E0 90
AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Atoll 2.7.1
 ALLOCATION CRITERIA
 First, second and third order neighbours
 Additional conditions on Ec/Io
 Reuse distance
– Comparison between the inter-transmitter distance and the reuse

distance (can be defined at the cell level)
 SC domain assigned to the cell
 Number of scrambling codes per cluster
 Forbidden pairs
 ALLOCATION STRATEGIES
 Clustered
– Use a minimum number of clusters
 Distributed per Cell
– Use as many clusters as possible
 One Cluster per site
 Distributed per site
– Use a group of adjacent clusters per site
 ALLOCATION OPTIONS
 Possibility to force the largest spectrum possible
 Possibility to allocate carriers identically
AT271_SL3G_E0 91
Atoll 2.7.1
 EXAMPLES OF ALLOCATION STRATEGIES

CONDITIONS
 3 clusters consisted of 8 codes :

DISTRIBUTED Cluster 0 : 0 to 7
CLUSTERED PER CELL Cluster 1 : 8 to 15
Cluster 2 : 16 to 23
 Maximum use of codes
ONE CLUSTER DISTRIBUTED

PER SITE PER SITE
AT271_SL3G_E0 92
Atoll 2.7.1
Contraints on neighbour relationships

Allocation strategy
Start allocation
AT271_SL3G_E0 93
Atoll 2.7.1
Allocation result
Commit scrambling
codes to cells
AT271_SL3G_E0 94
SCRAMBLING CODE SEARCH TOOL
Atoll 2.7.1
 TOOL TO VIEW SCRAMBLING CODE REUSE ON THE MAP
Calculate a “Coverage by Transmitter”

and display it on the Map
Scrambling code or group of scrambling codes

to be located on the map
Colours given to transmitters

• Red : transmitters which cells
have the specified scrambling
code
• Grey : Other transmitters
AT271_SL3G_E0 95
SCRAMBLING CODE HISTOGRAMS
Atoll 2.7.1
 VIEW OF THE SCRAMBLING CODE DISTRIBUTION

Scrambling Code or
Cluster Distribution
Dynamic Pointer
Distribution Table
AT271_SL3G_E0 96
SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONE
Atoll 2.7.1
PREDICTION
 DISPLAY OF SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONES ACCORDING TO
THE INTERFERED TRANSMITTER
 Scrambling code interference when the best server and other
transmitters satisfying conditions to enter the user AS have the same
scrambling code
AT271_SL3G_E0 97
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0 98
8. GSM/TDMA-UMTS CO-PLANNING
Atoll 2.7.1
 LINKING GSM AND UMTS PROJECTS
CREATING A UMTS TRANSMITTER FROM A GSM ONE

 IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
 NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
 NEIGHBOUR GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
 MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS MANUALLY
AT271_SL3G_E0 99
LINKING GSM AND UMTS PROJECTS
Atoll 2.7.1
 PREREQUISITE
 Both GSM and UMTS projects need to be opened

 CREATE LINKS ON SITES, TRANSMITTERS AND PREDICTIONS
 From the GSM project into the UMTS project in order to plan GSM
neighbours of UMTS cells
AT271_SL3G_E0 100
CREATE A UMTS TRANSMITTER FROM A GSM
ONE
Atoll 2.7.1
 PREREQUISITE
 Both GSM and UMTS projects need to be opened and linked

 The list of GSM and UMTS sites must be identical
 BY DEFAULT, THE NEWLY CREATED UMTS TRANSMITTER
 Is based on the default UMTS station template selected
 Is located on the same site as the GSM one
 Has same antenna height, azimuth and mechanical tilt (these can then be
adjusted if desired)
AT271_SL3G_E0 101
Atoll 2.7.1
RELATIONSHIPS
 POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO IMPORT A LIST OF NEIGHBOURS IN
THE INTER-TECHNOLOGY NEIGHBOURS TABLE
 PREREQUISITE
 A text file with at least 2 columns

– Source cells and neighbour cells
– Relationships must be defined between Atoll format cell names
AT271_SL3G_E0 102
Atoll 2.7.1
 PREREQUISITE
 Existing link on the Transmitters folder of the GSM .atl document into the
UMTS .atl document
 POSSIBILITY TO DEFINE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONSTRAINTS TO BE

CONSIDERED DURING THE AUTOMATIC NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION (INTER-
TECHNOLOGY EXCEPTIONAL PAIRS)
 ALLOCATION PARAMETERS
 Maximum number of neighbours
– Global value for all the cells or value specified for each cell
 Maximum inter-site distance
 2 allocation strategies
– Based on distance
– Based on overlapping of GSM and UMTS cell coverage
AT271_SL3G_E0 103
Atoll 2.7.1
 INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION

Calculation options
Coverage overlapping optional
UMTS coverage conditions
GSM coverage conditions

Start allocation
if you want to keep
existing neighbours
AT271_SL3G_E0 104
Atoll 2.7.1
 ALLOCATION RESULT
Sort and filtering tools
Allocation results
Commit selected
neighbours only
AT271_SL3G_E0 105
Atoll 2.7.1
 DISPLAY OF INTER-TECHNOLOGY NEIGHBOURHOOD LINKS ON THE MAP
 Click the icon from the tool bar

 Select the icon in the tool bar and click on a transmitter on the map
AT271_SL3G_E0 106
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
Atoll 2.7.1
MANUALLY
 POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS ON THE MAP
USING THE CTRL AND SHIFT SHORTCUTS
 POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE GSM NEIGHBOURS

List of GSM
neighbours of
Site71_U2(0)
List of GSM
transmitters within a
30 km radius from
the selected UMTS
cell (sorted in an
ascending inter-site
distance order)
AT271_SL3G_E0 107
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0 108
9. USING DRIVE TESTS
Atoll 2.7.1
 IMPORT OF TEST MOBILE DATA PATH
 DRIVE TEST MANAGEMENT
 DRIVE TEST GRAPHIC ANALYSIS

AT271_SL3G_E0 109
IMPORT OF TEST MOBILE DATA PATHS
Atoll 2.7.1
 OVERVIEW
 Measurement path related to a serving cell and its neighbours
 Check and improve the network quality
 IMPORT
 Supported files
– Any ASCII text file (with tab, semi-colon or blank character as
separator)
– TEMS FICS-Planet export (*.pln)

– TEMS text export (*.fmt)
 Procedure
– Standard import as in Excel
– Mandatory information
 Position of measurement points
 ID of Active set members or ID of Scanned cells
– You can import any additional information related to measurement
points
– Definition and storage of import configurations
– Multiple import
AT271_SL3G_E0 110
DRIVE TESTS MANAGEMENTS
Atoll 2.7.1
 TABLE
 List of all the measurement points with their attributes and additional
information
 Standard content management and tools (filters, copy-paste, etc...)
AT271_SL3G_E0 111
Atoll 2.7.1
 MANAGEMEMENT OF MEASUREMENT PATH POINTS
Option of extracting a
field related to a specific
transmitter along a path
Creation of any prediction on the

transmitters measured along the
path
Option of creating as many CW

measurement paths as the number of
involved transmitters along the path.
These data can be used to calibrate
any propagation model
AT271_SL3G_E0 112
Atoll 2.7.1
Filter per
type(s)
of clutter
Advanced filter
on additional Permanent
survey data deletion of out-
of-filter points
AT271_SL3G_E0 113
Atoll 2.7.1

List of defined
studies in the
measurement table
Option of preparing additional prediction

studies along the path using the existing
transmitter parameters (antennas,
propagation models, etc…)
AT271_SL3G_E0 114
Atoll 2.7.1

Using the Atoll display dialog, you can

display the points according to any data
contained in the measurement table
AT271_SL3G_E0 115
DRIVE TESTS GRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Atoll 2.7.1
 TEST MOBILE DATA ANALYSIS WINDOW
 Display on the map

Transmitters
measured and
indexed for the
current point.
AT271_SL3G_E0 116
DRIVE TESTS GRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Atoll 2.7.1
 TEST MOBILE DATA ANALYSIS WINDOW

Synchronisation
Option of displaying table – map –
variation of any measurement
selected numeric window
field along the
selected path
AT271_SL3G_E0 117
Atoll 2.7.1
THANK YOU!
AT271_SL3G_E0 118

Atoll 2.7.1 UMTS HSPA Basic

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Atoll 2.7.1 UMTS HSPA Basic

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Atoll 2.7.

THE UMTS HSPA MODULE

1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Concepts

3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network

4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions

5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation

7. Scrambling Codes Planning

8. GSM/TDMA – UMTS Co-planning

9. Using Drive Tests

 THE UMTS PLANNING CHALLENGE

 Multiservice + multi-rate + high-rate

 Code division multiple access technique

 Mutual degradation of radio links defeated by sophisticated power

 Coverage linked to traffic & services

REALISTIC UMTS PLANNING

 CPICH - COMMON PILOT CHANNEL

 CPICH power equivalent to BCCH carrier power in gsm

 Approx. 5%..20% of the total carrier power

– Measured by mobile to find its best server and active set

 UMTS handoff strategy different from GSM hard handoff

– Different types of soft handoff

 Set of transmitters connected to mobile

 Active set determination

– Best pilot (server)

– Admission of other transmitters in Active Set

 WCDMA RECEPTION PARAMETER

"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement

Eb : Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

C / I : Interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)

 Power control on traffic channel

 HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 5 FEATURE

 Designed for data service applications

 New physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

 NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK

 HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): Transport channel

 HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

 NEW PHYSICAL CHANNEL ON THE UPLINK

 HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

 FAST LINK ADAPTATION INSTEAD OF POWER CONTROL

 The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI

 FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B

 Different scheduling techniques

 The mobile has only one link from its best-server

 The cell power is shared between R99 and HSDPA users

 Two strategies possible for the HSDPA power allocation:

 HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 6 FEATURE

 Designed for data service applications

 New transport and physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

 NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE UPLINK

 E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel): Transport channel

 E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

 NEW PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK

 E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)

 E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

 E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

 HSUPA DOES NOT SUPPORT FAST LINK ADAPTATION

 Higher modulation order schemes are not supported

 FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B

 The scheduler tasks are:

 SOFT HANDOVER IS SUPPORTED

Feature DCH HSDPA (HS-DSCH) HSUPA (E-DCH)

Fast Power Control Yes No Yes

Adaptive Modulation No Yes No