APPLIED CHEMICAL

Created by:
Elfi Nur Rohmah
MSU Class
March, 2019
Subject
1. What is Corrosion
2. Mecanism of Corrosion
3. Requerement of Corrosion
4. Methode to Control Corrosion
5. Form of Corrosion
What is Corrosion ??
 CORROSION
Deterioration of a material because of reaction
with the environment.

Electrochemical reaction involving an

anode and a cathode.

Combines many elements of engineering and

impacts ALL engineering disciplines: Chemical
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material
Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Civil
Engineering
 CORROSION
Corrosion involves the interaction (reaction) between
a metal or alloy and its environment. Corrosion is
affected by the properties of both the metal or alloy
and the environment. The environmental variables
include:
 pH (acidity)
 Oxidizing power (potential)
 Temperature (heat transfer)
 Velocity (fluid flow)
 Concentration (solution constituents)
 REACTION OF CORROSION
Anode: Fe(s) → Fe2+(aq) ) 2e-
Katode: O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- → 2H2O(l)

4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + 2nH2O(l) → 2Fe2O3.nH2O(s)

Fe(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) → Fe2CO3(s) + H2(g)
MECHANISM OF
CORROSION
 MECHANISM OF CORROSION
Ionic – Current Path

ANODE CATHODE

Where
Electronic Path
Corrosion
Occurs!!!!
MECANISM

The anode and cathode are connected through the

solution by an ionic current path, and they are
connected through the metal by an electronic path.
The anode is generally where the corrosion occurs.
This is the location on the metal surface where
metal atoms go into solution as metal ions and
weight loss occurs.
Electrons generated at the anode by an oxidation
reaction move to the cathode where they are
consumed by reduction process.
Current is by convention, the flow of positevily
charged particles thus the current flows
conceptually from the cathode to the anode.
Fe2+(aq) + 4OH–(aq) → Fe(OH)2(s)

2Fe(OH)2(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3.nH2O(s)

Karat
Fe corrode in water – most common form of corrosion (i.e. steel left
outside).
The anodic corrosion reaction is the oxidation of iron: Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
The cathodic or reduction reaction is the reduction of oxygen:
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- 4OH-
Corrosion Fe in HCL

Anodic partial
process (oxidation
Fe Fe 2+ + 2e- of iron)
Fe + 2H+ Fe 2+ + 2e- = 2H+ + 2e- H2 Cathodic partial
process (reduction
process – H
reduced)
 Basics of Corrosion
Corrosion is essentially the oxidation of metal

Source: Moore, J.J. Chemical Metallurgy

Need:
1. An Anode (where oxidation is taking place)
2. A Cathode (where reduction is taking place)
3. Conductive electrolyte
4. Electrical contact between the Anode and Cathode
 Electrochemistry
Corrosion is an electrochemical reaction
½ reaction at the anode: M Mn+ + ne-
Possible ½ reactions at the cathode:
2H+ + 2e- H2
 Acid Solutions: H2O + e- ½ H2 + OH-
 ½ O2 + 2H+ + 2e- 2OH-

Important thing to note is the flow of

electrons
Requerement of
Corrosion
 EXPERIMENT

YES NO NO NO YES
Iron metal (ex; nails) will corrode as evidenced by
the formation of rust (karat adalah produk dari
peristiwa korosi).
1. Corrosion can happen if there is an air
(specially O2) dan water in enviroment
2. If there is only air (sspecially O2), corrosion
doesn’t happen.
3. The presence of dissolved salt in water, will
speed up the corrosion process. Cause in the
salt solution there are ions, which helps speed
up to delivery of ions Fe2+ from oxidation
results.
 REQUEREMENT
OF CORROSION

1
Temperature,the temperature is higher, chemical
reaction will get faster and than corrosion rate is
faster too

Flow rate, if the flow rate is faster maka will

2 damage the film layer of the metal and than

rate corrosion faster too..Metal will be quickly
erosion (lost/eroded)
 pH, level of acidity take effect on rate of corrosion

3  Electrolyte Solution
 Microbiology growth
 Composition of O2, the oxiget level is higher in the

4 place, oxidation reaction will be faster and than will

be quickly effect of corrosion rate

Humidity is the amount of water

vapour present in air. Water vapour,
the gaseous state of water, is

5 humidity generally invisible to the human

eye. Humidity indicates the
likelihood for precipitation, dew, or
fog to be present
 35

30

25
CORROSION RATE (MPY))

20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
DISSOLVED O2 (PPM)

0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7
DISSOLVED O2 (Mg / H2O)
LEGEND

FRESH WATER @ 50°F

FRESH WATER @ 90°F
FRESH WATER @ 120°F
VELOCITY = 2.5 FPS

pH=7, R=100M-0HM
pH=7, R=2500M-0HM
RATE OF CORROSION
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
Standar EMF (Electromotive Force)
Galvanis series
Methode to Control
Corrosion
 Design

Material
Selection
Methode to
Control Control of
Corrosion Environtment

Protective
Coating

Cathodic
Protection
 Methode to Control
Corrosion
General:
1. Chose the material which is match/suitable with the
environment
2. Give a protective layer (metal is protected from the
environment)
3. Improve the environment (so as not to be corrosive)
4. Electrochemical Protection
5. Improve Construction (not deviate matrial corrosion
ex: water, sludge)
Specific:

1. To Paint
Paint can avoid direct contact between iron
(metal), water and most air slowing down
the rate of corrosion. Example: we can to
paint window, door and iron fance
2. Grease with oil
Grease with oil can avoid direct contact
between iron (metal), water and most air.
Example: we can to grase with oil at tools
and mechine.
3. Wrapped in plastic
Example: Used in the bycicle and desk .
4. Tin Plating
Tin platting is paltting metal with Pb
Example: packaging cans. Because Pb the
metal have properties hold a rust
5. Galvanized
Galvanize is the coating with a zink. Because Zn the
metal have properties hold a rust. Example: power
pole, fance dan billboard.
6. Cromium Plating
Cromium Plating is the coating with a Cromium. Same
as zink, cromium Zn the metal have properties hold a
rust. Example to applicated on bycicle and car
Control of Corrosion
DEGRADASI POLIMER
DEGRADASI ELASTOMER
Form of Corrosion in
pipe
 Uniform attack
( korosi seragam )
 corrosion that occurs on metal surfaces due to
chemical reactionsbecause of the low pH of
water and humidity in air,so the metal become
thinner

Methode to control :
1. the ship's hull is given cathodic protection
2. Matrial maintained properly
3. Use copper alloy 0,4% for long term
4. Use inhibitor example: grease, lubricant
Pitting corrosion
( korosi sumur )
 Coused the composition metal are not
homogeneus

Methode to control:
a. Choose matrial homogeneus
b. Given inhibitor
c. Given coating
Errosion Corrosion
( korosi erosi )
Corrosion that occurs due to wear raises sharp
and rough parts

This corrosion accurss iin pipes and

propellers

Coused the rate of fluida is very fast .This

rate couse friction and to scrape the
protective film on the metal.
Methode to protective this corrosion :
a. Choose metal homogeneus
b. Given the coauting
c. Given of inhibitor
d. Avoid Flow rate from fluida is very fast
Galvaniscorrosion (korosi
galvanis )
Corrosion that occurs if 2 different metals in
one electrolyte
so that more anodic metals will corrode

This corrosion can to protec by:

1. To give isolator in the metal
2. Used cathodik protection
3. Given inhibitor
Stress corrosion (korosi
tegangan )
Happen coused methal shape change to other
special treatment ( example: stretching,
banding etc)

This corrosion can be protecting by:

a. Given inhibitor
b. If the metal have stress we must to
relaxaxing.
Crevice corrosion
( korosi celah )
Corrosion that occurs in metals that are
attached to other metals

there is a gap that can hold dirt and water so

that the concentration of O2 in the mouth is
rich compared to the inside

the inside is more anodic and the mouth

becomes cathodic
Methode to protection:
a. Install Isolator in methal
b. The wet parts to dry
c. clean up the metal
 Microbiology Corrosion

Coorosion caused microorganism

Bacteria, fungi, algae dan protozoa

The corrosion rate is identical to the area,
microorganisms attach to metal surface in the
form of the thin layer (biodeposit) or we call thin
film (biofilm)
Methode to protect:

1. Choose the metal material

2. Improve the environment (so as not to be corrosive)
3. Electrochemical Protection
4. Improve Construction (not deviate matrial corrosion
ex: water, sludge)
Fatigue corrosion
( korosi lelah )
Corrosion happened pressure in the metal
material over and over

Korosi ini biasanya terjadi pada turbin uap,

pengeboran minyak dan propeller kapal
Methode of protection :
1. Chose the material which is
match/suitable with the environment
2. Give a protective layer (metal is
protected from the environment)
3. Improve the environment (so as not to
be corrosive)
4. Electrochemical Protection