Process of

development of UDL
• Multiple means of representation-give
learners various ways of acquiring
information and knowledge
• Multiple means of expression-provide
learners alternatives for demonstrating
what they know
• Multiple means of engagement-tap into
learners' interests, offer appropriate
challenges, and increase motivation,
minimize stress
 Step 1: Set goals
• It’s important for educators to have a clear
understanding of what they want all students to
learn.
• For example in the 9th-grade social studies
class the regular teacher and special education
teacher decided that the goal was that all
students would understand the causes and
impact of the Russian Revolution and be able
to demonstrate this understanding.
 Step 2:Analyze learners variability

•Number of students
•Types of variability: SES, Language, abilities,
learning style, disabilities etc
•Example : In the class of 27 students, there were
five students with disabilities who had individualized
education plans (IEPs) and 11 students for whom
English was not the primary language at home. The
teacher had become increasingly aware that nine
students are struggling readers. Learning goals should
be held constant for all students.
 Step 3: Analyze current curriculum
• The team should focus less on individual student profiles than on the
profile of the classroom.

• Baseline information should be collected on instructional methods

and materials and on assessments.

• Identifying curricular barriers is a critical step in the process.

• In the social studies class in this study, the regular teacher and
special education teacher identified the textbook as a barrier not
only for students with decoding problems, but also for Non-
English language learners.
• Even typically achieving students who contributed to class
discussions were not successful on multiple-choice tests,
suggesting that the textbook was a barrier for them as well.
 Step 4: Apply UDL principles to lesson development
1) Plan multiple means of representation
The teachers in the social studies classroom realized
that no matter how engaging the lectures might be for
some students, they just would not work for many others,
and that what was needed was to have multiple
representations and multiple formats for learning
new ideas.
 Activate students’ prior knowledge: Que, Concept
Map
 use vocabulary instruction
 Clarify sentence structure
 Provide subject specific vocabulary: Communist, Soviet
Union, Peasantry, serfdom
 Use reciprocal teaching for reading the book/text
 Provide audio-visual material
Provide tactile graphs
Provide video material with detailed
subtitle cues
Give multiple examples from different
context
Give opportunity to compare, contrast
Highlight patterns, critical features, big
ideas, relationships
Give them opportunities to think and
process the information; why, how, what
will be if
 2) Plan for multiple means of
action/expression/response

Teacher will plan various methods and tools of assessment

According to the choice of students
 multiple-choice
 essay tests
 performing an enactment
 developing a multimedia presentation, App based,
assistive devices
 writing a poem
 Creating any artifact
 Drawing concept maps
 Preparing mindmaps
3) Plan for multiple means of engagement
 Flexibility in time
 Autonomy in selection the mode of learning and assement
 Reminding the goals and targets
 Clarifying the importance of goals time to time
 Foster collaboration cooperation and community participation
 Increase mastery oriented feedback
 Self evaluation towards goal and monitoring progress
 Self assessment and reflection
 Friendly environment
 Minimizing the stress
 Promote expectation and belief that optimizes motivation
 Facilitate personal coping skill: counselling approach
 Minimize threat and distraction
 Show respect, value and faith
 Optimize relevance, value and authencity
Step 5: Teach the UDL lesson or unit
 Step 6: Evaluating the effectiveness and revise it

After assessment of the students if students have difficulties, teachers

may need to revisit the lesson and revise it as needed.