ROBOTICS

LEVEL-3
TEK WIZARD
BRANCH OF TECHNOLOGY

Design

Construction
 Operation
application
COMBINATION OF ROBOTICS

Electrical
and Electronics
Computer Science
Mechanical
 LEVEL -3
Basic of Level - 4
Advanced of Level – 2

 Level-3

Deal with Micontroller

Programming
 BRAIN
Microcontroller is the Brain of the Robot

Types of Controller:
Example: 8051, AVR, PIC,etc.,

Scope:
sense and control the physical world
 LEVEL-3 MICROCONTROLLER

Name: Atmega

Programmed By Using Arduino Programming

Language
 LEVEL-3
INTERFACING

Motor
Lights
Sensors,etc.,
 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
PROGRAMMING
 Embedded System
 Microcontroller

 Microprocessor

 Microcontroller vs. Microprocessor

 Programming Language

 Arduino Nano
 INTRODUCTION
 Dependent of Embedded System
 Wrist Watches
 Washing Machine
 Micro Waves
 Elevators
 Mobile Phone
 Automobile
 Aircraft
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 Uses a Hardware Platform to Perform a specific

task
 Hardware of the embedded system is assembled
with microprocessor and microcontroller
 MICROPROCESSOR
(BRAIN OF COMPUTER)

 Multitasking Programmable device.

 It accepts digital signals input.

 Digital Input Instructions stored in memory

 Additional IC and Circuit to Control the Printer,

Sound card, Monitor, etc.,

Example Processor:Intel i1,i3,i5,i7,etc.,

 MICROCONTROLLER
(BRAIN FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM)
 Microcontroller is an IC
 It is a Low cost and Small size
• 8 or 16 bit microprocessor
• Parallel or serial I/O
• Timer and signal generators
• Programmable ROM or flash memory
• Analog to Digital or Digital to Analog Converter
• It can perform many limited range of function without
using other chip and devices.
 MICROCONTROLLER VS. MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor
It is a processing unit
RAM and ROM are not present
inside the chip
The circuit using µP will be large
Processing speed is high
It can do multiple task at the same
time
Cost high
I/O Communication need external
peripherals
Serial communication is not
possible
Boolean operation cannot be
performed directly
Used in computers and phones
Microcontroller
It is a computer on a chip
RAM and ROM are present inside
the chip
The circuit using µC will be small
Processing speed is Low
It can do only specific task
Cost low
I/O Communication ports are
inbuilt
Serial communication ports are
inbuilt
Boolean operation can be
performed directly
Used in washing machine,AC and
Refrigerators
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 Programs to execute a particular task

 Embedded system software assembled with

ARDUINO/INDUINO
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Language:
 Language to share information and
communication with each other.
Programming Language:
 We need a language to communicate with
computer system. This language is called
programming language.
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TYPES

3 Types Of
Programming
Language Types

High Level Assembly Machine Level

Language Level Language Language
 High level Language is a user
friendly language(Arduino)
{
Program for a=1, b=2;
High Level c=a+b;
Language
}
Compiler
Is a software tool
that converts high
level language
into assembly
level language

Assembly level Language is a low

level programming language.
mov a,1H
Program for mov b, 2H
Assembly
Level aAdd a,b
Language mov c,a
Assembler
Is a software tool
that converts
Assembly Level
language into
Machine Level
Language ATmega328p
Machine level Language is used
to convert decimal to binary
10111001
Program for 11010010
Machine Level 00000110
Language
10010001
 ARDUINO
 An Arduino is an open source platform, used in
many projects.
 Arduino board are programmed via universal
serial bus(USB) implemented using USB-to-
serial adapter chip such as the FTDI FT232
 We can control the board function by sending a
set of instruction to the microcontroller on the
board Arduino IDE
 HISTORY: THE NAME “ARDUINO”

The word ‘Arduino’ was derived from the

name of the king ”Arduin”

Arduin ruled Italy from 1002 to

1014

Massimo Banzi, one of the founder of

“Arduino”, Frequently visited a hotel
in Ivera, Italy to discuss about
Arduino

Based on the King’s name Arduin,

Benzi & His named the platform as
“Arduino”

The first Arduino was introduced in 2005.

it interacts with the environments using
sensors and actuators.
 ARDUINO IDE
 Banzi and his team created an IDE Called
Arduino IDE.
 It is an open source software. The software helps
to write the code and upload it to the Arduino
board.

- This icon is used to compile the program

- This icon is used to upload the program

into the Arduino board
 ARDUINODROID
 Arduinodroid is an Arduino IDE for Android
platform.
 It is used for Arduino programming in smart
phone and tablets. Its name is derived from
Arduino + Android

-This icon is used to compile the program

-this icon is used to upload the program in to

the Arduino board.
Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO Board is based on
the microcontroller ATmega328p.
It has
- 14 digital input/output pins
- 6 analog inputs
- 16 MHZ crystal oscillator
- USB connection
- Power jack and Reset Button
Induino
The Induino is an Indian made
clone of the popular Arduino Board
Developed by” Simple Labs”
It can be programmed using the
Arduino software and processes
exactly like an Arduino board.
It contains the same features of
Arduino UNO Board
 INDUINO ON BOARD
 The following is the list of On-Board Peripherals
that come with Induino
Peripherals Pin No

LED D11, D12, D13

Push Button D7, D8, D9
IR LED D14 or A0
TSOP IR Receiver D15 or A1
LDR A3
RGB LED D3, D5 & D6
 ARDUINO NANO
 The Arduino Nano is a small complete, and
Breadboard – friendly board based on the
ATmege328p.

 It has more or less the same functionality of the

Arduino.

 It lacks only a DC power jack, and work with a

Mini-B USB Cable instead of a standard one.
 TOPIC 2

LED and Switch

Interfacing
 YOU WILL LEARN

 Interfacing of LED and Switch

 Program to control the LED

 Arduino commands
 INRTODUCTION
 Interfacing is the process of connecting Device
(Motor, LED, Switch, Sensor) to Arduino for
exchanging information with the external world.
Output
Input Graphical Display
(Ex:LED,LCD)

Interfacing
Mechanical Command
System Command used to assign a
pin as Output
(Ex:Motor, Switch)
EX:digitalWrite()

Interfacing Digital
Command
Control
Command used to assign a
pin as input
Arduino
EX:pinMode()
EMBEDDED DEVICES
 Many Embedded derives required interfacing
with simple input and output devices such as
Switches, LEDs, Keyboards, Seven segment
Displays.

 LEDs are used in many applications for

indicating the output.

 Switches are used as input devices.

 APPLICATIONS
 From vending machines to When the toggle switch is
car stereos many objects ON the LED turn ON.
have push button  When the switch is
switches. released the LED turn
 The working of a switch OFF.
with the microcontroller is  When the toggle switch is
fundamental to ON Arduino receives the
understand. How a command and send it to
product/Robot work and the LED
ultimately helps to make
a Product/Robot of your
own.
Switch Arduino Nano Board LED

Program For LED and

Switch Interfacing

A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a “sketch”

They are written in C++

Each Arduino program has three main parts:

1. Variable declaration 2. Setup 3. Loop
 TOPIC 3

Motor Interfacing
YOU WILL LEARN

 Dual Motor concept

 Programming for Dual Motor interfacing

 Motor Drive IC

 Interfacing diagram of Dual Motor

 MOTOR
 The DC Motor is an essential equipment in many
industrial application which requires variable
speed.
 Arduino provide a suitable command for
controlling the speed and direction of the motor.
 Interfacing the DC motor to Arduino is an
essential part in designing embedded robotic
projects.
A well designed Arduino-DC motor system
has essential two parts

1.Arduino Nano with the required software to

control the motor
2.Driver circuit.

L293D is a 16-pin IC which control a set of two DC

motors simultaneously in both the direction( it
mean that the two DC motor can be controlled with
a single L293D IC)
 IMPORTANT APPLICATION
 Rolling mill
 Paper mill

 Mine Winder

 Hoist

 Machine Tool

 Traction

 Printing Press

 Textile Mill

 Excavator

 Crane
 HOW TO CONTROL THE SPEED OF THE
MOTOR?

 The speed of the motor can be controlled using the value

between 0 to 255 we can write the following program as
follows.

- For maximum speed : analogWrite(pinNumber, 255);

- To stop the motor : analogWrite(pin Number, 0);

- In between position of the motor: analogWrite(pinNumber,

any value between 0 – 255);
 MOTOR DRIVER IC
 L293D is a typical motor driver or Motor Drive
IC which allows the DC motor to spin on either
direction.
 In a single L293D chip we can rotate two dc
motor independently.
 Due to its size it is used in robotic application for
controlling DC motors.
Pin No Pin Name Working
1 Enable 1,2 When supply is 5v and jumper is connected to high
it enable the input 1,2 and outputs 1,2

2,7 Input 1,2 Control input to the motor 1

3,6 Output 1,2 Output of the motor 1. Output is high when

corresponding input is high

10,15 Input 3,4 Control input to the motor 2

11,14 Output 3,4 Output for the motor 2 Output is high when
corresponding input is high

4,5,12,13 GND Negative power supply(Ground)

16 Vcc 1 Supply voltage for the IC(5V)

8 Vcc 2 Supply voltage for the motors(9-12V)