THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework
demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of
government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties
of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth. B.R.Ambedkar,
chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became
effective on 26 January 1950. The constitution replaced the Government of India Act,
1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India
became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed
prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395. India celebrates its constitution on 26
January as Republic Day.
The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic,
assuring its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity. The
original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in
New Delhi. The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble in 1976 during
the emergency.
Prominent members of
constituent assembly

 B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai

Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad,
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the assembly,
which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian
community, and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi. Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian
assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians.
Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community. Judges, such as Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer,
Benegal Narsing Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly. Female
members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi
Pandit.

 The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sachchidananda Sinha; Rajendra Prasad was later
elected president. It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.
Sources that inspired making of
Indian constitution
 Influence of other constitutions

United Kingdom
 Parliamentary government
 Concept of single citizenship
 Rule of law
 The legislative speaker and their role
 Legislative procedure
United States
 Bill of Rights
 Federal structure of government
 Electoral College
 Independent judiciary and separation of powers
 Judicial review
 President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
 Equal protection under law
Importance of Indian constitution

1. Indian Constitution is important in several dimensions, as it is the noble and universal book for the people
of India. It lays down the basic structure of the government under which its people are to be governed. It
establishes the main organs of the government - the executive, the legislature and the judiciary
institution of democracy is needed to function a country well. Therefore, Constitution was framed by our
Constituent Assembly that was elected by the people, indirectly though. Specific purposes why India
needs Constitution are:

2. Constitution provides a set of basic rules that allow for minimal coordination amongst the members of the
society
 It specifies who has the power to make decisions in the society. It decides how the government will be
constituted. It thus establishes distribution of powers and functions such that there is no single person
vesting all the powers in herself/himself
 It also sets some limits on what government can impose on its citizens. It is to avoid the tendencies of
despotism, the balances and checks are in place at every provision in the Indian Constitution
 It creates the conditions for a just society. It enables the government to fulfill the aspirations of a
society
 It establishes a moral identity of the people of this land.
 our constitution was carefully made to suit needs
of indian people.It is a tribute to founders and
father of our constitution that their work made a
beautiful country.

CREATED BY:

SAMAR SPARSH
‘X’RNJ