WATER LOGGING

WATER LOGGING AND SALINITY

 Water logging refers to the saturation of soil with water.

 Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when it is nearly

saturated with water much of the time such that its air
phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail.

 Accumulation of salts in a root zone of the soil. Adversely

affects the plant growth.
How Water logging affects Cultivation??

Productivity of land gets affected when root zone of the

plants flooded with water.
Decrease the oxygen level for the survival of bacteria
Normal cultivation cannot be carried over wet soil
Free water may rise above the surface of land and those land
known as Swampy land.
Water loving plants such as weed , grass etc grow profusely
in water logged lands and thus affecting the growth of crops.
 Water logging also leads to Salinity...

Plant root happen to come within the capillary fringe

Due to continuous upward flow of water, the salts present in water
rise towards the surface – results in deposition.
Salinity makes the soil saline
Whenever there is water logging, salinity is must.
Salinity in the Murray-Darling Basin
 TYPES OF WATER LOGGING
1. Water logging due to permanent submersion of land such as
pond river etc.
2. Water logging due to periodical submersion such as coastal
and estuarine land inundation by soil water and runoff of
fresh water over lands etc.
3. Temporary water logging by stagnation of water as a result
of heavy rainfall.
4. Water logging by coming out of water table to the surface &
swampy areas in valleys are mostly caused by the
phenomenon.
5. Water logging by artificial irrigation of agricultural lands in
polder areas.
 CAUSES
OF
WATER
LOGGING
 OVER AND INTENSIVE IRRIGATION

• When a policy of intensive irrigation is

adopted, then, the maximum irrigable area of
a small region is irrigated. This leads to too
much of irrigation in that region, resulting in
heavy percolation and subsequent rise of
water table.
 SEEPAGE OF WATER FROM THE
ADJOINING HIGH LANDS

• Water from the adjoining high lands may seep

into the sub-soil of the affected land and may

rise to water table.

 SEEPAGE OF WATER THROUGH THE
CANALS
• Water may seep through the
beds and sides of the adjoining
canals, reservoirs etc situated
at the a higher level than the
affected land resulting in high
water table.
 IMPERVIOUS OBSTRUCTION
• Water seeping below the
soil moves horizontally but
may find an impervious
obstruction, causing the rise
of water table on the upstream
side of the obstruction.
INADEQUATE NATURAL DRAINAGE
• Soils having less permeability below the top
layers of pervious soils, will not be able to
drain the water deep into the ground.
 INADEQUATE SURFACE DRAINAGE

• Storm water falling over the land and the

excess irrigation water should be removed and
should not be allowed to percolate below. If
proper drainage is not provided, the water will
constantly percolate and will raise the level of
the underground reservoir.
 EXCESSIVE RAINS
• Waterlogging occurs when the soil profile or
the root zone of a plant becomes saturated.
• In rain-fed situations, this happens when
more rain falls than the soil can absorb or the
atmosphere can evaporate.

• The amount of ‘excess rain’ is particularly

large in the higher rainfall areas of the south-
west.
• Waterlogging occurs when roots cannot
respire due to excess water in the soil profile.
• Improving drainage from the inundated
paddock can decrease the period at which the
crop roots are subjected to anaerobic
conditions.
• While raised beds are the most intensive
management strategy, they are also the most
effective at improving drainage.
• Waterlogged soils release increased amounts
of nitrous oxide (N2O), a particularly damaging
greenhouse gas.
 SUBMERGENCE DUE TO FLOOD
• submergence due to frequent flooding can
adversely affect plant growth and yield.
• Plants may become completely submerged for
short periods if flooding is severe.
• Elongation ability of leaves and internodes
are essential to keep pace with increasing
water levels and escape complete
submergence.
• Flooding can occur anywhere where water can
be backed up.
• stems have nodes, which break when there is
tremendous pressure due to strong rainfall .
• Cloudiness lessens the process of food-
producing photosynthesis. Less sunlight makes
rice plant to weaken and lodge.
• Some pests also attack rice crops grown in
flooded fields, such as the yellow stemborer
and the ufra nematode.
 FLAT TOPOGRAPHY
• Flooding method consists in applying the
water by flooding the land of rather smooth
and flat topography. In free flooding method
water is applied to the land from field ditches
without any check or guidance to the flow.
WATERLOGGING
CONTROL
 CROP ROTATION METHOD
• Growing the same crop in the same place for
many years in a row (monocropping)
disproportionately depletes the soil of certain
nutrients
• With rotation, a crop that leaches the soil of
one kind of nutrient is followed during the
next growing season by a dissimilar crop that
returns that nutrient to the soil or draws a
different ratio of nutrients.
• In addition, crop rotation mitigates the
buildup of pathogens and pests that often
occurs when one species is continuously
cropped, and can also improve soil structure
and fertility by increasing biomass from varied
root structures.
OPTIMUM USE OF WATER

Drip irrigation is a type

of micro
irrigation system that
has the potential to save
water as well as it
prevents from wastage
of water and
waterlogging
• Raised bed farming
Raised bed farming refers to the agricultural technique of
building freestanding crop beds above the existing level of soil.So
that excess water moves down
• Proper drainage
By construction proper drainage the water which is excess
and which cause waterlogging is drained.
• Control the loss of water due to seepage from
the canals

Canal lining is the

process of reducing
seepage loss of
irrigation water by
adding an impermeable
layer to the edges of
the trench.
• Introducing intercepting drainage
Intercepting drainage(Curtain drain) is a drainage system that is
installed to collect, channel and remove surface and subsurface water
within permeable soil as it flows across an impermeable soil layer.
THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY :-
ABINAYA K - CB.EN.U4CIE17004
KARTHIKEYAN R - CB.EN.U4CIE17029
KIRAN RAJ - CB.EN.U4CIE17031
VARSHINI P - CB.EN.U4CIE17056