SYMPATHETIC TRIP : PROBLEM AND

THE SOLUTION
at PT. PLN (PERSERO) Area Pengatur Distribusi Jawa Timur
(1 June – 7 July 2017)
By:
07111645000 030 Aldino Zulfikar Mulia Putra
07111645000 048 Rifqi Robuza Rohman
07111645000 052 Hendry Erwantono
 Outline
Preliminary
Company Overview
20 kV System
Sympathetic Trip
 Preliminary
Background:
• Electricity as primary needs
• Reliable and safety distribution system

Goals
• Obtain good knowledge
• Job evaluation
 Company Overview
• Company Profile
• Company Structure
• Workspace
• Electrical Obligation
 Company Profile
PT. PLN (Persero) Area Pengatur Distribusi Jawa Timur was build on
1989 placed at Jalan Embong Wungu No. 4 included with PLN
Distribusi Jawa Timur. Area Pengatur Distribusi operates for
distributing, performing, disturbance monitoring, maintaining,
protecting, innovating, developing, dan making archives in 20 kV
system.
Nowadays, PT. PLN (Persero) APD Jawa Timur handles
• 20 kV side of 100 switchyards
• 174 transformers of 150kV/20kV
• 47 transformers of 70kV/20kV
• 10.040 MVA operated power
• 1.208 feeders
These data were increasing during electricity needed at East Java.
Company Structure
Workspace
 Electrical Obligation

Dioperasikan oleh:
Area Pengatur Jaringan
(APJ)
 20 kV System
• General Definition of 20 kV System
• 20 kV Equipment
• Equipment Maintenance and Testing
• Protection Curve of 20 kV Equipment
General Definition of 20 kV System
20 kV electrical system is system used in
switchyard and distribution network as divider,
connector, controller, and protector of electricity
distribution. This system used to distribute
electricity for mid and high voltage customers.
 20 kV Equipment
• Cubicles
• Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• Bus Bar
• Current Transformer
• Potential Transformer
• Protection Relay
 Incoming Cubicle
Used to connect from
power transformer
output to 20 kV bus bar.
This cubicle contains
measurement and
mechanical instrument.
 Outgoing Cubicle
Used to connect bus bar to
load. This cubicle contains
mechanical, protection, and
measurement instrument.
General protection system
used to solve short circuit
fault. Measurement system
used for current, potential,
vector, and power measuring
Mechanical system contains
CB.
 Auxiliary Transformer
Used to convert mid voltage to low voltage for
internal usage.
Potential Transformer (PT) Cubicle
Used as measurement instrument.
 PT with Lightning Arrester Cubicle
Used to measurement and protection instrument.
This cubicle contains LA to protect against
overvoltage from lightning and contact impulse
 Vacuum CB
A circuit breaker is an
automatically operated
electrical switch
designed to protect an
electrical circuit from
damage caused by excess
current, typically
resulting from an
overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to
interrupt arc flash.
 Bus Bar
Busbar 20 kV used as
connector through any
cubicle.
 Current Transformer
A current transformer (CT) is a type of
transformer that is used to measure alternating
current (AC). It produces a current in its
secondary which is proportional to the current
in its primary.
Instrument transformers scale the large
values of current to small, standardized values
that are easy to handle for instruments and
protective relays.
 Protection Relay
Protection relay is used to give order the CB to
trip when fault occurred as relay setting.
 Protection Curve of 20 kV Equipment
• Instantaneous Time Relay
• Definite Time Relay
• Inverse Time Relay
 Instantaneous Time Relay

Instantaneous time relay is relay that has no time

delay. In this case, the contactor closes as soon as
possible after the winding get a current that exceeds
the minimum setting.
 Definite Time Relay

Definite time relay as the coordination of the relay serves to

trip CB in the radial network by making fixed time settings.
This fixed timing is used for any short-circuit interrupt point,
but the value of the setting is stratified. With this definite time
relay has the advantage that coordination is easier than other
relay coordination and the working time is not dependent on
the change of generating capacity. But it has the drawback
that there is accumulation of time on the upstream relay.
 Inverse Time Relay

Inverse time relay or reverse time relay is a relay whose

working time is almost inversely proportional to the quantity
of the driving quantity. The image shows the current-time
properties of the time relay inverted. When the current value
is less than pick up, the relay does not work. When the value is
higher, the relay operation time decreases continuously as the
current value increases.
 Sympathetic Trip
• Definition of Sympathetic Trip
• Problem of Sympathetic Trip
• Setting Directional Ground Relay (DGR)
 Definition of Sympathetic Trip
Sympathetic trip is the disconnection of
feeders in a bar due interference from a feeder.
 Problem of Sympathetic Trip
• Fault relay setting
• Inverted relay polarity
 Fault Relay Setting

Three normal phase have same magnitude and

phase angle. However, when R phase-ground
fault occurred, then unbalanced vector
occurred.
 Sympathetic Trip Due Ground Fault
Ground Fault
Feeder 1

Feeder 1

GFR

Balanced ICE
GFR
GFR Feeder.
doesn’t 1
Work Feeder 2
IWorks
CE Isn’t Trough GFR

GFR feeder 2
Works
ICE Trough GFR
GFR
 Vector Ilustration
S T Ground Fault
R Phase
N R Phase closed
With Ground
Netral Voltage
IR Incrase on Grodung
ICT1 -ICS1,2 S Phase Voltage
Incrase on Grodung
ICS1+ ICT1 -ICS1,2 -ICT1,2
R ,G T Phase Voltage
ICS1 -ICT1,2 Incrase on Grodung

Description of Current Vector in Fault Feeder

Neutral Current = IR Capacitive Current Phase S = ICS1 Phase T = ICT1
It’s Resultant = ICS1 + ICT1
Capacitive Current Through Fault Phase( R )
It’s Resultant = - ICS1,2 - ICT1,2
 Inverted Relay Polarity

When the polarity of the DGR relay is inverted, the cubicle 20

kV system detected error current direction. When one-phase
disturbance to the ground in a feeder, the feeder with an
inverted relay will trip simultaneously with a short-circuit one
phase to the ground. Whereas it should be if the installation
of the relay is not inverted and a trip occurs a feeder due to
short-circuit phase to the ground, then the other feeder does
not need to join the trip.
Disturbance Record at Indowire, Lamong 3, and
Lamong 4 in GI Tandes 20 May 2017.

Indowire feeder MiCOM P127

Lamong 4 feeder MiCOM P127

Lamong 3 feeder MiCOM P127

 Directional Ground Relay Setting (1)
DGR relay settings used by PT. PLN APD East Java
1. Setting value DGR
• I0 = 4 A
• tms = 0,2 standard inverse
• V0 = 5 volt
• θ = 45° ± 80°
2. Conducting testing of network equipment 20 kV
Using the injection device up to 20 kV voltage. When there is a one-phase
disturbance to the ground, the healthy phase will rise to 20 kV so it will be known
equipment that isolation prisoners have come down or breakdown.
3. 2nd stage DGR setting
• I0 = 15 A
• tms = 0,4 definite time
• V0 = 15 volt
• θ = 45° ± 80°
Directional Ground Relay Setting (2)
 Conclusion
• Sympathetic trip is the disconnection of feeders in a bar due
interference from a feeder.
• The cause of the sympathetic trip is the setting error working
time of the relay against the phenomenon of capacitive
current or line use and reversal of DGR polarity during
installation.
• To solve concurrent trip feeder, use coordination of relay
based on current-time curve, relay location, properties relays,
and interference types.
Equipment Maintenance (1)
Equipment Maintenance(2)
Testing Equipment(1)
Testing Equipment(2)
THANKS
Disturbance Record at Indowire, Lamong 3, and
Lamong 4 in GI Tandes 20 May 2017.

Indowire feeder MiCOM P127

Disturbance Record at Indowire, Lamong 3, and
Lamong 4 in GI Tandes 20 May 2017.

Lamong 3 feeder MiCOM P127

Disturbance Record at Indowire, Lamong 3, and
Lamong 4 in GI Tandes 20 May 2017.

Lamong 4 feeder MiCOM P127