ACTIVITY 4

What have you noticed to the pictures

when zoomed in?
Does it help you see a better view?
Are you aware that there are also
organisms that cannot be seen by our
naked eyes?
The Microscope, Its Parts
and their Functions
Get the microscope from its box or the cabinet. Do
this by grasping the curved arm with one hand and
supporting the base with the other hand.

Carry it to your table or working place. Remember to

always use both hands when carrying the microscope.

Put the microscope down gently on the laboratory

table with its arm facing you. Place it about 7
centimeters away from the edge of the table.
Wipe with tissue paper or old t-shirt the
metal parts of the microscope.

Look for the revolving nosepiece. Note

that objectives are attached it. You
should know that there are lenses inside
the objectives.

Find the coarse adjustment. Slowly turn

it upwards, then downwards.
 Looking from the side of the microscope, raise the body
tube. Then, turn the revolving nosepiece in any direction
until the LPO is back in position. You will know an
objective is in position when it clicks. Note that
the revolving nosepiece makes possible the changing
from one objective to another.

 Locate the eyepiece. Notice also that it is marked with a

number and an x. Know that the eyepiece further
magnifies the image of the object that has been
magnified by the objective. If the eyepiece is
cloudy or dusty, wipe it gently with a piece of lens
paper.
 Look through the eyepiece. Do you see anything?

 Now, locate the mirror. Then, position the microscope

towards diffused light from the windows or ceiling light.
Look through the eyepiece and with the concave
mirror (with depression) facing up, move it until you
see a bright circle of light. Only use lens paper in cleaning
the lenses of the eyepiece and the objectives. The bright
circle of light is called the field of view of the
microscope. Adjust the position of the mirror so that
it is not glaring to the eyes. Practice viewing through
the microscope using both eyes open. This will reduce
eyestrain.
Locate the diaphragm. While looking into the
eyepiece, rotate the diaphragm to the next
opening. Continue to do so until the original
opening you used is back under the hole in the
stage.

Find the inclination joint.

Grasp the arm and slowly pull it towards you.

Sit down and try looking through the eyepiece.
What are the functions of the base and
the arm of the microscope?
What have you observed about the
objectives?
What is accomplished by turning the
coarse adjustment upwards? downwards?
What is the other function of the
revolving nosepiece?
Which part connects the eyepiece to the
revolving nosepiece with the objectives?
What are the two functions of the
eyepiece?
Describe the function of the mirror.
What do you notice as you change the
diaphragm openings?
What can you infer as to the function of
the diaphragm?
What parts of the microscope are being
connected by the inclination joint?
What does this movement do?
 MICROSCOPE
Amicroscope is an instrument that
makes magnified images of very small
objects so they are visible to the
human eye.
Invention of the Microscope
Hans and Zacharias Jansen made the
first light microscope in the late 1500s.
In the mid-1600s, Robert Hooke was the
first scientist to study living things with
a microscope. He was also the first to
identify and describe cells. In the late
1600s, Van Leeuwenhoek improved the
microscope. He used it to observe many
living cells and organisms. He was the
first to observe bacteria.
ANSWERS
1. Base supports the microscope. Arm
supports the body tube and it is where the
microscope is held.
2. They are of different lengths; they are
marked with numbers followed by x.
3. Turning the coarse adjustment upwards
and downwards raises and lowers the body
tube with the objectives respectively. It
also focuses or brings out the object to be
observed.
4. It facilitates the changing of
objectives.
5. Body tube
6. It is where you look through in the
microscope. It also magnifies the image
of the object that has been magnified
by the objective.
7. It reflects light up to the diaphragm,
object to be observed and lenses.
8. The size of the openings differ. The
amount of light reflected also changes in
that the bigger the opening, the greater
is the amount of light reflected.
9. Diaphragm regulates the amount of
light reflected to the object to be
viewed.
10. Arm and Base
11. It allows one to tilt the microscope so
viewing is possible while seated.
Parts of the Microscope
and Their Function
 Rules of using a microscope
Always carry with 2 hands
Make sure microscope is ready for use
Do not force knobs
Be careful of the cords
Parts of a microscope
 Parts of a microscope
Eyepiece
Is what you look
through at the top
of the microscope.
Typically, standard
eyepieces have a
magnifying power of
10x
It also may have
5X, 10X, 15X marks.
 Parts of a microscope
Coarse Adjustment
Knob
Focuses the image
under low power
Use this first
 Parts of a microscope
Fine Adjustment
Knob
Focuses the image
under high power
Use this last
 Parts of a microscope
Nosepiece
Holds the objective
lenses
Revolves to change
magnification
 Parts of a microscope
Objectives
Low power (short)
Magnifies 4X
Medium power (medium)
Magnifies 10X
High power (long)
Magnifies 40X
scanner- 3x,4x,5x
oil immersion objective- 97x/
100x(bacteria)
 Parts of a microscope
Stage
Supports and holds
the microscope
slide while viewing
 Parts of a microscope
Stage clips
Place on microscope
slide to secure into
place after you
have focused on
your specimen
 Parts of a microscope
Arm
Supports the body
tube which
connects the
eyepiece to the set
of objective lenses
 Parts of a microscope
Body tube
Holds the
eyepieces in olace
above the objective
lens.
 Parts of a microscope
Base
Supports the
microscope
Illuminator
Is the light
source for
microscope
typically located
at the base of
the microscope.
Condenser
Is used to
collect and focus
the light from Condenser
the illuminator
on to the
specimen.
 Magnification
Multiply the eyepiece magnification
(10X) by the objective magnification
(4X, 10X, 40X)
Example: 4 x 10 = 40X total
What are the different parts of the
microscope?
What are the functions of each
part?
Name the parts of the microscope by
choosing it from the box.
• Revolving Nosepiece
1 • Objectives
3 • Stage
2 • Arm
5 • Illuminator
• Coarse Adjusment Knob
6 • Stage Clips
4
7 • Base
10 • Condenser
8
• Eyepiece
9 • Fine Adjusment Knob
 Assignment:
Bring newspaper and pair of scissors
tomorrow
 WET MOUNT
A wet mount is a slide preparation in
which the specimen is placed in a drop
of water or liquid and held between a
slide and cover slip.
Water improves the clarity of the
image formed. Wet mounts however,
cannot be stored for a long time so it
is also called a temporary mount.
What makes letter “e”
suitable for observation
under the microscope?

Describe the position of

the letter as seen under
the microscope.

Compare the image of the

letter “e” that you see
using your unaided eye
with that you see through
the microscope.
To which direction
does the image move?

Why do you have to

watch from the slide
when changing
objectives?

Why should the fine

adjustment be used
only with the HPO?
BEFORE
In which
objective/s can
you see the whole
letter “e”?

What are the

advantages and
disadvantages of
using the HPO?
In which objective is
the lighter darker?
brighter?

How much is the letter

“e” you are now
viewing under the
scanner magnified?
under the LPO? under
the HPO?
Abstraction:
How will you describe the image of
specimen observed under the
microscope?
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following can be observed using the
light microscope?
A. acacia bark C. piece of stone
B. five peso coin D. tip of a plant leaf
2. An animal cell being observed is seen at the
topmost part of the field of view under the LPO. If
you want to center the specimen, which direction
should you move the slide?
A. left side C. right side
B. towards the user D. away from the user
3. Refer to the pictures below:
A. B.

Which of the two above shows letter “e” seen under the microscope?

4. All of the following will be observed in the image of an object

studied under the microscope, EXCEPT
A. inverted C. magnified
B. moves in opposite direction D. moves in the same direction

5. When using the high power objective, you should not adjust the:
A. Diaphragm C. Coarse adjustment
B. Fine adjustment D. Stage clips
How will you describe the position of
letter “e” as seen in the microscope?
The magnification of a specimen can
be calculated by multiplying the
number found in the eyepiece with
the number found on the objective
being used
Which part/s of the microscope
made the specimen looks bigger?
An animal cell is viewed using a 10X
eyepiece and a 46x HPO. How much
will the cell be magnified?
Application:
If a cell being observed has been
magnified 200x under the 40x HPO,
what is the magnifying power of the
eyepiece used?
A plant cell is viewed using a 10X
eyepiece and a 43x HPO. How much
will the cell be magnified?
Astudent examined an object under
the microscope. The eyepiece is 5x
while the LPO is 10x. How many times
was the object magnified?
Adrawing of a cell indicates that it
has been magnified 450x under the
HPO. If the HPO is 45x, what is the
magnifying power of the eyepiece?
You were given a slide which
contained a microorganism. You were
asked to examine the microorganism
under the HPO. Your eyepiece is 10x
and the HPO is 45x. How many times
was the microorganism magnified?
Assignment:
Suggest ways on how to take care
the microscope.
How do we calculate the
magnification of a specimen?

The magnification of a specimen

can be calculated by multiplying the
number found in the eyepiece with the
number found on the objective being
used