Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Group 3
4. Contradictory 3. synonymy
aspects of any
speaker’s semantic knowledge.
synonymy contradictory
3. Speakers generally agree when two words have 4. Speakers recognize when the meaning of
essentially the same meaning—in a given context. one sentence contradicts another sentence. e.g:
e.g:
Where did you purchase these tools? use buy Edgar is married.
release modify take Edgar is fairly rich.
At the end of the street we saw two Edgar is no longer young.
Edgar is a bachelor.
enormous statues, pink smooth nice huge
original Words that have the same sense in a
Sentences that make opposite statements about the
given context are synonyms same subject are contradictory.
5. Speakers generally agree when two words have 6. Synonyms and antonyms have to have some
opposite meanings in a given context. e.g: common element of meaning in order to be,
respectively, the same or different.e.g:
Betty cut a thick slice of cake, bright new soft street lane road path house avenue
thin wet buy take use steal acquire inherit
The train departs at 12:25. arrives leaves waits
The common element of meaning, shared by all but
swerves
one word in 6a and by all but one item in 6b, is a
semantic feature.
Two words that make opposite statements
about the same subject are antonyms; they
are antonymous, instances of antonymy.
aspects of any
speaker’s semantic knowledge.
entailment presupposes
9. Speakers are aware that two statements may be 10. Speakers know that the message conveyed
related in such a way that if one is true, the other in one sentence may presuppose other pieces
must also be true,e.g: of knowledge. e.g:
Andy Murfee usually drives his Datsun to work.
There are tulips in the garden. There is a person named Andy Murfee.
There are flowers in the garden. Andy Murfee works.
The ladder is too short to reach the roof. There is a Datsun that belongs to Andy Murfee.
The ladder isn’t long enough to reach the roof. Andy Murfee knows how to drive an automobile.
ANALYSIS SPECIFICATION
TESTING DEVELOP
Utterances Sentences Propositions
Utterances
a young man
who hopes to
get better
acquainted with so different
one of his co- pieces of
A beggar who a child who workers and they indicate language can
has not eaten all hopes to put off intends to ask different have different
day says “I’m going to bed her to have intentions meanings in
hungry” announces “I’m dinner with him different
hungry” begins with the contexts.
statement “I’m
hungry.”
Sentences
A proposition is something
abstract but meaningful. It can be
expressed in different sentences so different
and in parts of sentences, perhaps pieces of
they indicate
with differences of focus but language can
different
always with the same basicintentions have different
meaning. And, as you recall, any meanings in
sentence can be expressed in different
different utterances, produced by contexts.
different people at different times
and in different places.
Thank You