Safety-A Personal Decision

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

PPT-104-01 1
 Workplace Injuries

What is behind most workplace injuries?

 A lack of safety training

 Poor equipment, policies, or systems
 Ignorance
 Inattention to risks

PPT-104-01 2
 Incident Causes
Poor Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Personal Factors Basic Causes
Environmental Factors

Unsafe
Unsafe Act Indirect Causes Condition

INCIDENT
Unplanned release of energy Personal Injury
and/or Property Damage
Hazardous material

PPT-104-01 3
Beliefs about Accident Causes

Important element because it guides people’s

thinking & actions when trying to recognize or
solve safety problems.

PPT-104-01 4
 Perceived Risk Levels

An individual’s perception as it relates to a

particular job or task:

Ability to determine risks associated with the

individual’s definition of his/her experience, history,
training & communication, amount of control
individual feels they have,…to the criteria they use
to judge the situation.

PPT-104-01 5
Perception vs. Reality

What do you see?

PPT-104-01 6
Safety Issues

What did they see?

PPT-104-01 7
Heinrich’s Pyramid

Death or Serious Injury

1

29
Minor Injury

300
Near Miss

3,000
Unsafe Acts, Behaviors or Conditions

PPT-104-01 8
 Incident Prevention

1. Hazard identification/recognition

2. Evaluation

3. Select a control method

PPT-104-01 9
 Safety = Personal

Safety is something that’s personal – it involves

an individual making a conscious decision to
work safely in the workplace or at home.

PPT-104-01 10
 Safety Challenges

1. Attitudes

2. Competing Priorities

3. Hazard Awareness

PPT-104-01 11
 The Four A’s of Safety

• Attitudes

• Awareness

• Action

• Accountability

PPT-104-01 12
 Attitudes

• It won’t happen to me!

• I’ve been doing this job for 15 years …

• I’m CAREFUL!

• I don’t want to get (someone) in trouble!

PPT-104-01 13
 BETARI BOX MODEL
MY ATTITUDE

AFFECTS AFFECTS

MY BEHAVIOR
YOUR BEHAVIOR

AFFECTS
AFFECTS

YOUR ATTITUDE
PPT-104-01 14
Attitude

PPT-104-01 15
 Safety as a Value

 Safety part of your character

 Think about safety

 Talk about safety

 Work safely

 Safety as a habit

PPT-104-01 16
 Safety Attitude Defined

 Stay informed about safety

 Follow safety rules and procedures

 Identify hazards

 Stay healthy, fit, and focused

PPT-104-01 17
Safety Awareness

Safety awareness is a state of mind!

PPT-104-01 18
 Safety Awareness

Why develop a sense

of safety awareness?

Without it workers won’t:

• Wear their PPE, or wear it properly
• Be aware of the potential for injury or illness
• Observe simple rules (such as good
housekeeping)

PPT-104-01 19
 Safety Awareness

Without safety awareness employees

may think about:

- The next day’s schedule,

- Mowing the lawn,
- Evening activities

Anything but safety.

PPT-104-01 20
 Safety Awareness

How Safety Awareness becomes a state of

mind:

• Treat safety as an important job responsibility

• Plan each job before you start
• Think about what could go wrong, and how you’ll
prevent problems and incidents
• Use SDS, protective clothing, proper equipment,
read labels and other safety information

PPT-104-01 21
Safety Awareness-State of Mind

• Know what to do in an emergency

• Keep your work area clear of potential fire or

tripping and falling hazards

• Check tools and equipment before you use them

PPT-104-01 22
 Commit to Safety

At an employee level – an individual’s identification

with, and involvement in, safety activities is often
enhanced with involvement in decision making
processes and engagement that affects safety in
their jobs.

PPT-104-01 23
Human Factors and Safety

Employee Responsibilities Include:

 Recognizing safety hazards

 Reporting safety hazards
 Maintaining good housekeeping
 Working safely
 Using proper personal protective equipment
 Making the most of safety training

PPT-104-01 24
 Human Factors and Safety

Human Factors
Definition - What does Human Factors Causing
Incidents mean?
Human factors causing incidents are those factors
directly attributable to the operator, worker or
personnel involved in an incident. A number of
human behavioral factors may contribute to the
incidents.
Safeopedia explains Human Factors Causing
Incidents
Human factors are responsible for about 90% of
incidents that occur in a workplace.
PPT-104-01 25
 Human Factors and Safety

The following human factors are common causes of

incidents:

Memory - Memory lapse may occur at any time

Judgment and reasoning power - May be
reduced due to many factors
Attention - Failure to remain attentive or lack of
attention
Delayed or false sensation of the sensory
organs - Failed senses that could otherwise
stimulate a response to avoid the incident
PPT-104-01 26
 Human Factors and Safety

Competence - Lack of competence and experience

Skills - Skill level of individuals is important in any
incident avoidance
Personality - Some are compromising while others
are hardliner
Attitude - Negligence, arrogance, boldness and
overconfidence etc.
Risk perception - Poor risk perception due to poor
knowledge and experience
Individual characteristics - Anger, temper,
curiosity, etc.
PPT-104-01 27
Safety Risks

Safety Risk

Not Willing

Not Able

Don’t Know

PPT-104-01 28
 Prevention Measures

Incidents that are caused due to human (personal)

factors may be prevented or reduced by the
following preventative measures:

 Training and skill development

 Education and awareness
 Supervision, monitoring and controlling
 Feedback and reports
 Frequent inspections and audits

PPT-104-01 29
Safety Programs

PPT-104-01 30
 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
Take time to ask yourself simple risk
assessment questions.

If the risk is too great;

STOP! Control the risk! Prevent
the incident!
• Why am I doing this?
• What could go wrong?
• How likely is it to happen?
• How could it affect me or others?
• What should I do about it?
PPT-104-01 31
 Perceived Risk

There are four separate groups of people who

seek information differently based on their
perceived risk:

 Responsive individuals

 Avoidant individuals

 Proactive individuals

 Indifferent individuals

PPT-104-01 32
 Good Work Habits

 Taking actions to protect yourself

 Keep your work area clean
 Keep aisles and stairs clear
 Don’t have more than one file drawer open
at a time
 Have enough light to see what you are
doing
 Clean up spills promptly

PPT-104-01 33
 Good Work Habits

 Look around for anything that could go wrong

 Use the right tool or equipment for the job
 Keep focused on what you are doing
 Respect electricity and power equipment
 Wear proper personal protective equipment
 Take personal responsibility for safety

Bad Habits are easier to abandon today

than tomorrow!

PPT-104-01 34
 Leadership

Intent

Adjustment Behaviour

Effect

“Most people see leadership as the act of leading others.

What if it is really the act of leading ourselves?” Peter Urs Bender

PPT-104-01 35
 Leadership

“The only person you are destined to

become is the person you decide to be.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

PPT-104-01 36
 The Key to Safety

“The Key to Safety is You.” Make safety a value in

everything You do!

PPT-104-01 37
Questions to Ask Employees

Personal Reflection

Do you hold safety as a value, or a

priority?

Is your safety performance dictated by the

need for compliance or by choice?

Are you committed to working safely?

PPT-104-01 38
 Values and Priorities

Understanding how Values &

Priorities affect our behavior
Value: Priority:

• Doesn’t easily change • Can and will change

frequently
• Not readily influenced
by others or • Something that takes
circumstances precedence over another

• Takes a life change to • Can be easily influenced

change a value by others or by
circumstances

PPT-104-01 39
 Choice and Compliance
Understanding how Choice & Compliance affect
our behavior
Choice: Compliance:

• Individual has the power • Comply due to

to choose consequences
• Responsible for • Blame for consequences
consequences may be misdirected

“I wanted to do it” “You made me do it”

• Not easily influenced once • Behavior can easily be

made influenced
• Driven by our own value • Driven by someone else’s
set priorities

PPT-104-01 40
 Summary
“When you are looking at the person in the mirror,
you are looking at the person responsible for your
safety.”

PPT-104-01 41
 The Bottom Line

To Prevent an injury today from ruining your

tomorrow:

Remember the four 4 A’s for safety !

 Attitude
 Awareness
 Accountability
 Action

PPT-104-01 42
 Contact Information

Health & Safety Training Specialists

1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
(717) 772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov

Like us on Facebook! -
https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS

PPT-104-01 43
Questions

PPT-104-01 44