BASIC RESEARCH

Dr. Rommel L. Verecio

Faculty, Graduate Studies Dept.
CP#0917-633-6402 or Office Tel. No. (053) 321-7640
E-mail: brixverecio@yahoo.com
FB Account: Brix Oicerev
House Rules
Course Syllabus
PART 1 Introduction/Research Concepts
A. Nature & Characteristics of Educational
Research
 Definitions of Research
 Purposes/Functions of Research
 Characteristics of Good Research
 The Role of Theory in Research
 Steps/Stages/Components in/of the Research Process
 Kinds of Classification of Research: by Purpose, by
Method, etc.
 Variables and Measurement Scales
 Some Hindrances to Scientific Inquiry
B. The Research Problem & Objectives
 Definitions of Problem
 Elements of a Research Problem
 Guidelines in the Selection of a Research problem of
Topic
 The Title/Guidelines on Writing the Title
 Statement of the Problem
 The Research Objectives
 The Theoretical and the Conceptual Framework
 Assumptions/Guidelines in the use of basic assumptions
 Hypotheses: Forms, Guidelines in the use of basic
assumptions
 Scope and Limitations
 Significance of the Study
 Definition of Terms
C. Review of Related Literatures (ROL)
 Related Literature Defined
 Why the Review/Importance, purposes, and Functions of
the review
 Reviewing Related Reading
 Reviewing Related Literature
 Reviewing Related Studies
 Local and Foreign Studies
 Guides in Doing the Review
 Specimens of Notes Cards
 Filing and Presenting Reviewed Literature/Organizing a
Review
 Researcher-Adviser Meeting
 Footnoting, Referencing and Preparing the Bibliography
D. Selection of Samples
 Sampling: Definition and Purpose
 Definition of a Population
 Methods of Selecting a Sample/Sampling Designs
 Determination of Sample Size
 Avoidance of Sampling Bias
PART 2 Research Methods
E. Research Design/ Methods & Procedures
 Appropriateness of the research Design
 Reliability and Validity
 Threats to Validity
 Historical Method
 Descriptive Method
 Correlational Method
 Casual-Comparative Method/Ex Post Facto Research
 Experimental Research
– Pre-experimental
– True experimental Designs
– Quasi-Experimental Research
– Qualitative Research
 Qualitative research
PART 3 Research Instrumentation,
Measurements & Data Collection
 Collection of Data
 Questionnaire
 Interview Instruments
 Observational Instruments
Seminar-Workshop in Conducting
Effective Research: Insights,
Techniques and Its Credibility
 The Research Problem
 Review of Literature
 Methodology
 Presentation, Analysis & Interpretation of Data
 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and
Recommendations
 Basic Research

Part I – Research Part III – Research

Concepts Instrumentation

A D F I

B C G H

Part II – Research Methods Part IV – Protocol Writing

E
J
1 6 7

K
2 5 8

3 4 9 L
Course Requirements
 Class Participations
 Individual Reports/ Module
 Written Examinations: Midterms & Finals
 Compulsory Attendance to Seminar-Workshop
 Oral Defense
 Revised copy of the research protocol
References
 Research Methods and Thesis Writing 2nd ed.
(Laurentian Paler-Calmorin & Melchor A.
Calmorin)
 Methods and Techniques of Research Revised
Edition (C. A. Sanchez, Ph.D)
 Research in Education 8th ed. (John W. Best &
James Kahn)
Master’s Thesis Format
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
I. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Framework of the Study (Theoretical & Conceptual)
Statement of the Problem
Research Hypothesis
Scope & Delimitation of the Study
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Related Literature
Related Studies

III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Locale
Respondents of the Study
Research Instruments
Data Collection
Statistical Treatment of Data

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

(Follow the sequence of problems as presented in Chapter 1)

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
B. Periodicals
C. Unpublished Materials

APPENDICES
Transmittal Letters
Research Instruments
Curriculum Vitae
Concept Paper Outline
TITLE
Proponent/Researcher

I. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Background of the Study (if relevant, include history and genesis
of the problem)
Description of the problem and goal of the study (You may state
your hypothesis)
Theories and Ideas that frame the problem
Scope & Limitation of the Study
II. METHODOLOGY AND WORKPLAN
How the study will be conducted (include a timeline)
What type of data will be collected
How the data will be analyzed
Resources needed
Research
 A continuous discovery and exploration
of the unknown.
 Systematic, objective and
comprehensive investigation of certain
phenomenon which involves accurate
gathering, recording, critical analyzing
and interpreting of all facts about the
phenomenon.
 Some Examples of Educational
Concerns
 A high school principal wants to improve the morale
of her faculty.
 The director of the gifted student program would
like to know what happens during a typical week in
an English class for advanced placement of
students.
 An elementary school counsellor wishes he could
get more students to “open up” to him about their
worries and problems.
 A biology teacher wonders if discussions are more
effective than lectures in motivating students to
learn biological concepts.
 A physical education teacher wonders if ability in
one sport correlates with ability in other sports.
 A second year student asks her counsellor what
she can do to improve her study habits.
 The president of the local PTA, parent of a sixth-
grader, wonders how he can get more parents
involved in school-related activities
Each of the above examples, although fictional,
represents a typical sort of question or concern
facing many of us in education today.
Together, these examples suggest that teachers,
counsellors, administrators, parents, and
students continually need information to do their
jobs.
Importance of Research
 Improves the quality of life
 Improve training and curriculum
 Satisfies man’s intellectual and social
needs
 Reduces the burden of work
 Improve the economy of the person,
community and nation.
Purposes & Goals of Research
 To discover new facts about known
phenomena
 To find answers to problems which are
only partially solved by existing methods
and procedures
 Improve existing techniques and develop
new instruments or products
 To provide basis for decision making in
business, industry, education, govt., and
in other undertakings
 To satisfy researchers curiosity
 To improve educational practices for
raising the quality of school products
 To promote health and prolong life
 To provide man with more of his basic
needs, more and better food, clothing,
shelter, etc.
 To make work, travel and communication
faster, easier and more comfortable.
Basic Aim of Research: To solves life’s
problem

In an Educational Institution

 Institution
 Community Extension
 Research and Development
Characteristics of a Good
Research
Research is . . . .
 systematic
 controlled
 empirical
 analytical
 objective, unbiased and logical
 employs, quantitative, qualitative and
statistical methods
 original work
 done by expert
 accurate investigation, observation and
description
 patient and unhurried activity
 requires effort-making capacity
 requires courage
Characteristics of a Good
Researcher

 Intellectually curios
 Prudent
 Accept Healthy Criticism
 Honest
 Works well with others
 Updated
Why do we need to research today?
 To support economic growth and
development while respecting our
environment
 To be at pace with modernization
 To provide our leaders, decision makers and
ourselves with the latest information that
affect our lives.
 To develop technologies that can withstand
globalization with due consideration to our
Filipino values, culture, traditions, and
religious beliefs.
 To make the Filipino more S & T minded.
 To provide our leaders, decision makers
and ourselves with the latest
information that affect our lives.
 To develop technologies that can
withstand globalization with due
consideration to our Filipino values,
culture, traditions, and religious beliefs.
 To make the Filipino more S & T
minded.
Who are in the best
position to do research?
Every person who has the intellect
and willingness to help solve day-to-day
problems of life: personal, family, local,
national or international in scope.
Research should NOT be viewed as
an academic endeavor but a means or
tool for survival.
Research should not threaten our
lives. We should control research.
When do we formulate a
research problem?
 A gap exist in the body of knowledge.
 An unverified solution to a problem
exists
 There are contradicting findings.
 A phenomenon needs an explanation.
Must for a research problem
 Objectives: S-M-A-R-T
 5MS: manpower, materials, methods, money
and market.
 Selection:
- personal interest and inclination.
- scientific merit
- utility and uniqueness
- cost
- availability of qualified advisers and
technologies.
Review of Literature

To get acquainted with the existing

studies related to the research to be
conducted. Who has done a similar
topic before? What has been found?
Sources:
 Books
 Journals
 Theses and dissertations
 Unpublished materials: documents
 Photographs
 Relics and old articles
Look for:
 Arguments
 Controversies
 Unclear findings
 Verifiable data
 Recommendation
The Research Process:
 Problem/Objectives – formulated based
on personal observation, readings/review
of literature, problems encountered and
suggestions by others.
 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
>Theoretical Framework- based on a
theory or theories to explain why a
certain phenomenon exists; abstracts
concept(s).
 >Conceptual Framework- based on
well-defined concepts/constructs.
 Hypothesis – scientific guess; done
before the conduct of a study.
 Research Design – a plan of action or
scheme used in order to meet the
objectives of the study.

* Historical – occurrences and

development, experiences about the past.
Descriptive- deals with the present status
of a situation; leads to the conduct of other
studies.
> case study, survey, content
analysis, trend analysis, feasibility study,
correlation study; done in various
settings.
Experimental- investigator manipulates
and controls one or more independent
factor/variable and sees its/their effect on
the dependent variable(s) done in the
laboratory, classroom , community.
 Data Collection – uses questionnaire,
interview schedules, tapes, video, etc.
 Data Processing and Analysis – use of
tables, figures, text.
 Data Interpretation and Discussion –
meaning of data; relation of the present
findings with others.
 Conclusion/Recommendations.
 (Domo Arigato Gozaimaso)
Thank you for your attention,
Have a nice day and
God Bless!!! 