Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
15th edition
Exhibit 4.1
• Geography
• History
• Technology and economics
• Social institutions
• Cultural values
• Aesthetics as symbols
• Family
• Religion
• School
• The media
• Government
• Corporations
• Family
– Nepotism
– Role of extended family
– Favoritism of boys in some cultures
– Gender equality is changing
• Religion - Major Religions
– First institution infants are exposed to outside the
home
– Impact of values systems
– Misunderstanding of beliefs
– An American women jailed in Saudi Arabia for sitting
with man at Starbucks
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Roy Philip 4-20
Major Religions 4
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Roy Philip 4-21
Social Institutions (3 of 4) 4
• Values
• Rituals
• Symbols
• Beliefs
• Thought processes
Exhibit 4.6
• According to www.ethnologue.com:
– A total of 7,413 known living languages exist
in the world
– 311 being spoken in the U.S.; 297 in Mexico,
13 in Finland, and 241 in China
– EU has 20 official languages
– India alone has 452 known languages!
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Roy Philip 4-28
Elements of Culture (4 of 4) 4
• Beliefs
– Superstitions play a large role in a society’s belief
system and therefore, to make light of superstitions in
other cultures can be an expensive mistake
– The number 13 in the western hemisphere is
considered unlucky, where as the number 8 in China
connotes “prosperity”
– The practice of “Feng Shui”
• Thought processes
– Difference in perception between the East and the
West
• Focus vs. big-picture
Roy Philip 4-29
Cultural Sensitivity 4
and Tolerance
• It is imperative that the marketer be attuned to
the nuances of culture so that a new culture can
be viewed objectively, evaluated and appreciated
– Cultures are not right or wrong, better or worse,
they are simply different
– The more exotic the situation, the more sensitive,
tolerant, and flexible one needs to be
– There must be an appreciation of how cultures
change and accept or reject new ideas
Cultural Change
• Determine which cultural factors conflict with an
innovation
• Change those factors from obstacles to acceptance into
stimulants for change
• Marketers have two options when introducing and
innovation to a culture
– They can wait (unplanned change)
– They can cause change (planned change)
• Cultural congruence
– Marketing products similar to ones already on the market
in a manner as congruent as possible with existing cultural
norms