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The fetal circulation system allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta. Deoxygenated blood returns from the fetus to the placenta through two umbilical arteries, while one umbilical vein brings oxygenated blood back to the fetus. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs causes closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, redirecting blood flow to the now functional lungs. The umbilical vessels and fetal circulatory shunts then atrophy, completing the transition to the infant's high pressure, lung-based circulatory system.
The fetal circulation system allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta. Deoxygenated blood returns from the fetus to the placenta through two umbilical arteries, while one umbilical vein brings oxygenated blood back to the fetus. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs causes closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, redirecting blood flow to the now functional lungs. The umbilical vessels and fetal circulatory shunts then atrophy, completing the transition to the infant's high pressure, lung-based circulatory system.
The fetal circulation system allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta. Deoxygenated blood returns from the fetus to the placenta through two umbilical arteries, while one umbilical vein brings oxygenated blood back to the fetus. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs causes closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, redirecting blood flow to the now functional lungs. The umbilical vessels and fetal circulatory shunts then atrophy, completing the transition to the infant's high pressure, lung-based circulatory system.
Divisi fisiologi FK Unswagati Anatomy and Physiology Fetal Circulation • Umbilical cord • 2 umbilical arteries: return non-oxygenated blood, fecal waste, CO2 to placenta • 1umbilical vein: brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus Anatomy and Physiology • Fetus depends on placenta to meet O2 needs while organs continue formation • Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta • To the fetus via the umbilical vein • After reaching fetus the blood flows through the inferior vena cava A/P Fetal Circulation • Blood continues to travel from the inferior vena cava to the ductus venosis • Ductus Venosis • Small amount of blood routed to growing liver • Increased blood flow leads to large liver in newborns A/P Fetal Circulation • Blood continues to travel up the inferior vena cava • Empties into the right atrium of the heart • The blood then passes to the left atrium through the foramen ovale A/P Fetal Circulation • Foramen ovale • Small opening in the septum of the heart • Completely bypasses the non-functioning lungs
• Blood continues journey to the left ventricle
blood is then pumped into the aorta • Blood is circulated to the upper extremities • Blood then returns to the right atrium A/P Fetal Circulation • From the right atrium, the blood goes to the right ventricle then to the pulmonary arteries • Pulmonary arteries • Small amount goes to the maturing lungs • Rest of blood is shunted away from lungs by ductous ateriosus back to aorta A/P Fetal Circulation • Blood travels back from aorta to the two umbilical arteries to the placenta • The placenta will re-supply the blood with oxygen • Fetal circulation is a low-pressure system A/P Fetal Circulation • Low pressure system • Lungs are closed • Most oxygenated blood flows between the atria of the heart through the foramen ovale • This oxygen rich blood flows to the brain through the ductus arteriosus Conversion of Fetal to Infant Circulation • At birth • Clamping the cord shuts down low- pressure system • Increased atmospheric pressure(increased systemic vascular resistance) causes lungs to inflate with oxygen • Lungs now become a low-pressure system • Pressure from increased blood flow Conversion: Fetal to Infant Circulation • In the left side of the heart causes the foramen ovale to close • More heavily oxygenated blood passing by the ductus arteriosus causes it constrict • Functional closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus occurs soon after birth • Overall anatomic changes are not complete for weeks Conversion (cont) • What happens to these special structures after birth? • Umbilical arteries atrophy • Umbilical vein becomes part of the fibrous support ligament for the liver • The foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus atrophy and become fibrous ligaments Overview of Conversion • Umbilical cord is clamped • Loose placenta • Closure of ductus venosus • Blood is transported to liver and portal system • Loss of placenta also leads to Overview of Conversion • First breath • Lungs expand and fluid is expelled • Decreased pulmonary resistance • Increased pressure in left atrium • Closure of foramen ovale Overview of Conversion • Loss of placenta • Increased systemic resistance • Pressure in right atrium decreased • Change from right to left shunting to left to right blood flow • Increased O2 levels in pulmonary circulation • Closure of the ductus arteriosus Fetal vs. Infant Circulation • Fetal • Infant • Low pressure system • High pressure system • Right to left shunting • Left to right blood flow • Lungs non-functional • Lungs functional • Increased pulmonary • Decreased pulmonary resistance resistance • Decreased systemic • Increased systemic resistance resistance THANK YOU