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Real object
Only load-carrying structure
is kept
Structural
layout Assumptions and simplifications
are applied, loads are calculated
according to the problem
Design model
Structural analysis
Results of
analysis
This step is beyond the scope
of structural analysis
Implementation
on real object
2
FLOWCHART OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Real object
Structural
layout
Design model
Results of
analysis
Implementation
on real object
3
FLOWCHART OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Real object
Structural
layout
Design model
Results of
analysis
Implementation
on real object
4
FLOWCHART OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Design model
Results of
analysis
Implementation
on real object
5
METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
8
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS
x x y z ,
1
E
y y x z ,
Constitutive 1
equations E
z z x y ,
1
E
xy xz yz
Compatibility xy , xz , yz
equations G G G
12
BASIC EQUATIONS OF SOLID MECHANICS
2 , 2 ,
y 2
x x y z 2
x x z
2 y z
2
2 yz
,
Constitutive z 2 y 2
y z
equations yz xz xy 2 x
2 ,
x x y z y z
yz xz xy 2 y
2 ,
y x y z x z
Compatibility yz xz xy 2 z
2 .
equations z x y z x y
13
BASIC EQUATIONS OF SOLID MECHANICS
From analytical point of view, every design model can
be expressed as a set of three basic equations with
corresponding boundary conditions.
Equilibrium Boundary
equations conditions:
• geometrical
features;
Constitutive • supports and Design
equations other means of model
fixation;
• applied
Compatibility displacements
equations and forces.
14
WAYS TO SOLVE A SOLID MECHANICS PROBLEM
Displacements
Stresses are
are set as
set as
unknowns
Compatibility unknowns
equations Constitutive
equations
Strains are
derived Strains are
Constitutive derived
equations Equilibrium
equations
Stresses are
derived Compatibility
Equilibrium
equations
equations
Equilibrium Compatibility
equations are equations are
solved solved
15
MAIN METHODS COVERED IN SECOND SEMESTER
Methods of structural analysis
Force method
For statically
Displacement method
indeterminate
(slope-deflection method)
structures
Matrix methods
16
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
Junkers F.13,
Germany, 1920
17
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
truss spar
beam spar
FFVS,
Sweden, 1942
18
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
Concorde,
Europe,
1969
truss spar
beam spar
19
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
Concorde,
Europe,
1969
20
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
A300,
Europe,
1972
21
USE OF TRUSS STRUCTURES IN AVIATION
Trusses Frames
Connection by riveting,
moment-resistant
24
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUSSES AND FRAMES
Connection
by welding,
moment-
resistant
25
TOPIC OF THE LECTURE
Supplementary tools:
•Zero-force member identification
•Principle of superposition
•Use of symmetry
26
CONCLUSIONS
Method Method of
Method of
substitution of
of joints sections
members
Used for
Effective when complex
forces in few structures;
Effective for two-
certain members numerical
member joints
should be methods should
determined be considered as
an alternative
27
WHERE TO FIND MORE INFORMATION?
Method of joints and method of sections are covered in
A. Kassimali. Structural Analysis. 2009,
Chapters 4.5 and 4.6