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“Sui Gas”
is a Misnomer for
Natural Gas

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What is Natural Gas?

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 •Natural Gas is a naturally
occurring Petroleum

• Petroleum is the general term

for Solid, Liquid, or Gaseous
“Hydrocarbons”
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“Natural gas is basically a mixture of
gaseous hydrocarbons, comprising
primarily of methane with other
hydrocarbons, inert and impurities
as minor constituents. Composition
of natural gas depends primarily on
Production field from which it is
extracted”

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What are Hydrocarbons?

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Hydrocarbons are a class of organic
compound consisting of only carbon and
hydrogen, the basis of crude oil, natural
gas & Coal

All Fossil Fuels are hydrocarbons

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What are Fossil Fuels?

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• Fossils are mineralized or otherwise
preserved remains of animals, plants &
other organisms. Fossils is from Latin
“FOSSUS” means having been dug up

• Fossil Fuels are mineral fuels like gas, oil

and coal from top layer of earths crust. It
is generally accepted that they are formed
from fossilized remains of dead plant and
animals by exposure to heat and pressure
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 Natural Gas Essentials Facts:

• Natural Gas is produced from one of three

sources:
1. Associated Gas, recovered in
conjunction with oil production
2. Non Associated gas (Gas from a field
not producing oil
3. A gaseous stream from coal mines
(called Coal Bed Methane) 10
• All natural gas is not of same quality
when produced. Each of the sources
exhibit distinct characteristics and even
gas produced from a particular source
may vary with most abundant component
being methane

• Varying quantities of non methane

hydrocarbon and other constituents that
contribute little or no heating value are
also present
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• Natural gas rich in non methane
hydrocarbon may be further processed to
extract natural gas liquids

• Gas is treated to reduce constituents

like Water, CO2 , N2, O2 and S
• Natural gas is lighter than air, non-toxic
and contains no poisonous ingredients.
Breathing natural gas is not harmful as
long as there is an adequate supply of air
to breathe along with it. 12
• Natural gas by itself will not burn. Combustion
can occur only when there is a mixture of gas
and air containing between 5% and 15%
natural gas and between 95% and 85% air.

• Natural gas in its natural state is odorless. An

odor that smells like rotten eggs is added to
natural gas so that you can smell it.
• Because of its unique qualities of being lighter
than air with a narrow band of combustion,
natural gas is one of the safest energy sources
available. Understanding and following safety
procedures will make it even safer. 13
 Natural Gas Uses

• Household cooking, heating, air conditioning

• Transportation sector, Cars, Trucks, and
buses are using it
• Power generation
• Manufacturing- fertilizer and other chemicals
• Heating fuel in industry

A Russian company is working on design of

an aircraft that would be able to fly on natural
gas
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 Natural Gas Composition
It is a mixture of following gases

Methane CH4 70-90%

Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8 0-20%
Butane C4H10
Carbon dioxide CO2 0-8%
Oxygen O2 0-0.2%
Nitrogen N2 0-5%
Hydrogen Sulphide H2S 0-5%
Rare Gases A, He, Ne, Xe trace
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Natural Gas Measurement
Measurement by volume units:
As a gas it can be measured by the volume it
occupies at normal pressure and temperature. It is
commonly expressed as:

1. Cubic feet (Cf)

2. Thousands of Cubic feet (MCf)
3. Millions of Cubic feet (MMCf)
4. Trillions of Cubic feet (TCf)

Other volume unit is:

1. Cubic meter m3
2. Hundreds of Cubic meter Hm3
3. Billions of Cubic meter BCm
4. Trillion of Cubic meter TCm
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Brief Description of Transmission & Distribution System
Consumer Meter District Regularity Town Border Station Sales Meter Station
Station Station

Low Pressure
Distribution
High Pressure
Pipeline
Transmission
Pipeline

Wells within Gas Field Purification Plant Compression Station Valve Assembly

Why Transmission System is Operated Distribution Network

at High Pressures?
• The pressures are normally in the range of 500 – • Gas is carried to end points through Supply Mains
1440 psig in order to pass bulk gas through which are normally operated at a pressure 100 – 150
smaller pipe diameters. psig

• As gas travels from sources its pressure reduced.
Compressor stations are used to regain the
pressure loss.
• Gas is supplied to a cities from transmission lines
through SMSs (Sales Meter Station)
• Gas is fed to different localities from Supply Mains
through a TBS (Town Border Station)
• Gas mains under TBS are called Feeder Mains
• Gas supply to different consumers are made from
feeder mains
 Metering Stations in Distribution
TBS (Town Border Station) reduces pressure from
150 psig to 60 psig to feed a small locality within
Distribution Network.

6
5 6
0

5
8
6
3

Contd…
 Metering Stations in Distribution
CMS (Consumer Meter Station) supplies gas to consumers
at the desired pressure.

ON/OFF
VALVE

Mete
ON/OFF rs
VALVE
Press
ure
Gaug
e
Regulat
ors
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 5. Distribution

It is the final stage in delivering natural gas to end

users. Distribution system operates at much lower
pressure than transmission system. Distribution
system starts from city gates where transmission
system ends and comprises a complex network of
small diameter pipelines to supply gas to individual
consumers.

Here gas is odorized by adding a chemical

“Mercaptan” which makes detection of gas leakage
easier. 21
Gas Import Pipelines
Caspian TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN
Sea CHINA
Dauletabad Field

Proved Natural Gas

TAP AFGHANISTAN
Reserves, 2005, Tcf
Iran 971
Qatar 910 Herat
ISLAMABAD
Turkmenistan 102
Pakistan 32
Lahore
India 33 PAKISTAN
Source: BP Statistical Review 2005
INDIA
Quetta Sakhi
Sarwar
Multan
IRAN
Bhong
Khuzdar
Assaluyah

Bandar Abbass
IP Shikarpur

Charhbakhr
OMAN
QATAR QP Jawani Gawadar

KARACHI

U.A.E. Arabian Sea

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* The map is not scaled
 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Basic Facts

• It is a mixture of propane and butane

usually 40% to 60%

• It is manufactured during refining of

crude oil and extracted from natural
gas

• Gas volume in liquid form is reduced 250

times.

• It is heavier than air and this property

makes it a dangerous fuel 23
 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

To increase volume of gas stored in a vessel it’s

pressure needs to be increased. The limitation on
pressure comes from mechanical strength of the
storage vessel. In our automobiles gas is supplied at
200 bars (about 2900Psig). It is the cleanest and
cheapest fuel for automobiles and the most
environment friendly.

Pakistan is the largest user of CNG in Asia and third in

the world.
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 Natural Gas Safety
IF A STRONG ODOR OF GAS IS PRESENT IN YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS, OR IF
YOU HEAR A HISSING SOUND OF ESCAPING NATURAL GAS, FOLLOW THIS
PROCEDURE:

• Get everyone out of the building immediately.

• Leave the door open.
• DO NOT use the telephone in the building.
• DO NOT operate any electrical switches, appliance controls, or pull
any plugs from outlets.
• Close the cut-off valve near the gas meter and DO NOT turn it on
again.
• If possible, ventilate the building by opening doors and windows at
top and bottom. Start where odor is strongest. DO NOT re-enter the
building for this purpose.
• IF YOU SMELL OR DETECT NATURAL GAS OUTSIDE, CALL GAS
COMPANY 25
MAJOR FIELDS SUPPLYING
GAS TO SNGPL/SSGC
MAKORI
Mingora
24 MMCFD (SNGPL) Peshawar SMALL NORTHERN
SOURCES
CHANDA
140 MMCFD (SNGPL)
8 MMCFD (SNGPL)
Islamabad QADIRPUR
GURGURI
Mirpur
35 MMCFD (SNGPL) 480 MMCFD (SNGPL)
MANZALAI (CPF)
BADAR
245 MMCFD(SNGPL)
14 MMCFD (SNGPL)
DHODAK
2 MMCFD(SNGPL) HASSAN
SALSABIL + CHILTAN Lahore 14 MMCFD (SNGPL)
33 MMCFD(SNGPL)
MIANO, KANDANWARI
ZARGHUN Quetta
185 MMCFD (SSGC)
20-25 MMCFD (SSGC)
Multan REHMAT + SAQIB
PIRKOH + LOTI
13 MMCFD (SNGPL)
35 MMCFD
Sui CHACHAR
SUI
370 MMCFD (SNGPL) 7 MMCFD (SNGPL)
110 MMCFD (SSGC) SAWAN + TAJJAL
Sukkur
278 MMCFD (SNGPL)
MAZARANI
120 MMCFD (SSGC)
10 MMCFD (SSGC)
KHIPRO
KANDHKOT
50 MMCFD (SSGC)
90 MMCFD (SNGPL)
DARU
ZAMZAMA
190 MMCFD (SNGPL) 10 MMCFD (SSGC)

245 MMCFD (SSGC) BADIN

BHIT 200 MMCFD (SSGC)

Karachi
260 MMCFD (SSGC) 26
 PAKISTAN ENERGY SUPPLY MIX % SHARE

2000-2001 2008-2009
44.4 Million TOE 66.5 Million TOE

Oil
Nuclear
Hydel 43.4% Coal
1.1% Hydel Nuclear
Coal 9.2%
9.2% 10.9% 1.2%
4.5%

Natural Oil
Gas LPG Natural
0.3% Gas LPG 30.6%
41.4%
47.69% 0.41%

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Thank You

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